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41.
HA Langendijk RJ Lamers GP ten Velde DG Sanders JM de Jong F Kessels EF Wouters 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,41(5):1037-1045
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the chest radiograph is a reliable tool to assess response to radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pre- and post-treatment chest radiographs and computed tomographs (CT) of 63 patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated by radiotherapy were reviewed by four observers with regard to suitability for tumor measurement, and response. Suitability for tumor measurement was expressed as the number of measurable diameters. In addition, the consequences to clinical outcome were studied by survival analysis. RESULTS: The CT turned out to be more suited for tumor measurement before as well as after radiotherapy, resulting in an increase of the number of measurable cases. The number of measurable cases with CT was 52 (83%) as compared to 28 (44%) with chest radiography. Especially in case of centrally localized tumors, the presence of an atelectasis, or squamous cell carcinoma, CT contributed to a higher rate of measurable cases. The interobserver agreement with regard to response using chest radiograph was good (mean kappa = 0.74). In 25 of 28 cases (89%) measurable with CT as well as with chest radiograph, response was equally classified. When CT was used, the median survival of the responders was 14.2 months as compared to 6.8 months of the nonresponders. When chest radiograph was used, the median survival of these groups was 12.0 and 6.6 months respectively, which was not significantly different when response was assessed by CT. CONCLUSION: We conclude that CT is more suited for tumor measurement because more measurable lesions can be found and more evaluable lesions on chest radiograph become measurable on CT. The chest radiograph does have a valuable role to play in those lesions that are measurable because of the good interobserver agreement with regard to the response classification, the high overall agreement between CT and chest radiograph in case of measurable cases, and the lack of important differences with regard to survival. 相似文献
42.
Thirty-three HIV-positive women, 12 of whom were pregnant, participated in semistructured interviews to define areas of psychosocial need. Eighty-eight percent of the subjects reported current unemployment. A history of substance abuse was reported by 82 percent, suicide attempts by 52 percent, and sexual problems by 43 percent. Approximately 30 percent reported elevated levels of depressive symptoms on standardized symptom inventories. The pregnant women appeared psychologically healthier than the nonpregnant group. HIV-positive women face multiple psychosocial stressors and may experience significant psychological distress. 相似文献
43.
Wioletta Rozpdek-Kamiska Grzegorz Galita Natalia Siwecka Steven L. Carroll John Alan Diehl Ewa Kucharska Dariusz Pytel Ireneusz Majsterek 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(9)
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) constitutes the most common type of glaucoma. Emerging evidence suggests that Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress and the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-mediated Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) signaling pathway play a key role in POAG pathogenesis. Thus, the main aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the PERK inhibitor LDN-0060609 in cellular model of glaucoma using primary human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells. To evaluate the level of the ER stress marker proteins, Western blotting and TaqMan gene expression assay were used. The cytotoxicity was measured by XTT, LDH assays and Giemsa staining, whereas genotoxicity via comet assay. Changes in cell morphology were assessed by phase-contrast microscopy. Analysis of apoptosis was performed by caspase-3 assay and flow cytometry (FC), whereas cell cycle progression by FC. The results obtained have demonstrated that LDN-0060609 triggered a significant decrease of ER stress marker proteins within HTM cells with induced ER stress conditions. Moreover, LDN-0060609 effectively increased viability, reduced DNA damage, increased proliferation, restored normal morphology, reduced apoptosis and restored normal cell cycle distribution of HTM cells with induced ER stress conditions. Thereby, PERK inhibitors, such as LDN-0060609, may provide an innovative, ground-breaking treatment strategy against POAG. 相似文献
44.
羧甲基淀粉的应用与合成 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
综述了羧甲基淀粉的发展、合成方法、合成过程中的影响因素以及应用现状。羧甲基淀粉的合成主要分三种类型 :干法、半干法、湿法。综合了反应过程中的影响因素 ,例如醚化剂和催化剂的影响 ,反应时间和温度的关系 ,溶剂、设备对反应的影响 ,以及在食品、医药、钻井、纺织、日化工业中的应用前景 相似文献
45.
The effects of the styrene–butadiene (SB) diblock copolymer on the viscoelastic properties of styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) triblock copolymers were examined in both in the the neat state and within specific product applications. The addition of the SB diblock copolymer into a pure SBS triblock copolymer resulted in a significant decrease in the plateau storage modulus and a quantitative linear rise in tan delta. In a pure triblock, in which all endblocks are anchored in polystyrene domains, all entanglements are physically trapped. The SB diblock embodies untrapped polybutadiene endblocks that are able to relax stress by chain reptation through the rubbery polybutadiene matrix. The SB diblock copolymer quantitatively lowered the microphase separation temperature (MST) of the SBS triblock copolymer. These changes in linear viscoelastic behavior manifest themselves into a reduction in the efficiency and performance of the SBS triblock copolymer in asphalt pavement binders and hot-melt adhesive blends. Specifically, the SB diblock diminished the complex shear modulus and elasticity of a polymer-modified asphalt, which translated into lower predicted rutting specification values. The increase in diblock content altered the viscoelastic response of the hot-melt adhesive blend, translating into a reduction in the shear holding power and shear adhesion failure temperature. The lack of network participation, coupled with the relaxation of the polybutadiene endblocks, accounts for the lower strength and greater temperature susceptibility of the diblock-containing systems. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
46.
在航天对接试验平台开发项目中,针对平面运动物体非接触高精度测量的难点,提出一种针对物体三自由度平面运动的创新性测量方法.利用激光测距传感器的并联组合,实现对物体位置和姿态的非接触式测量.以传感器测量值为输入样本,运用BP神经网络算法建立误差模型,通过调整权值因子使建立的网络模型能够拟合出测量误差,从而修正测量的数学模型.基于BP神经网络的误差补偿方法对平面运动物体测量误差的补偿具有明显的效果,能够满足位姿测量的精度要求. 相似文献
47.
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49.
HA Orr 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,139(3):1441-1447
Explanation of diploidy have focused on advantages gained from masking deleterious mutations that are inherited. Recent theory has shown that these explanations are flawed. Indeed, we still lack any satisfactory explanation of diploidy in species that are asexual or that recombine only rarely. Here I consider a possibility first suggested by Efroimson in 1932, by Muller in 1964 and by Crow and Kimura in 1965: diploidy may provide protection against somatic, not inherited, mutations. I both compare the mean fitness of haploid and diploid populations that are asexual and investigate the invasion of "diploidy" alleles in sexual populations. When deleterious mutations are partially recessive and somatic mutation is sufficiently common, somatic mutation provides a clear advantage to diploidy in both asexual and sexual species. 相似文献
50.
CG de Koster W Heerma HA Pepermans A Groenewegen H Peters J Haverkamp 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,230(1):135-148
Natural mixtures of sophorolipids produced by the yeast Candida bombicola have been analyzed by fast atom bombardment (FAB)-MS and collision-induced dissociation (CID)-MS. Some pure components have been analysed by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. The presence of acidic, lactonic, and O-acetylated forms and the position of double bonds in the fatty acid part of these glycolipids can be easily inferred from positive and negative ion FAB-mass spectra. Details about position of O-acetylation can be obtained from CID mass spectra of [M+H]+ and [M-H]- ions and from the NMR spectra. Differences in CID fragmentation between protonated and sodiated molecular ions are discussed in detail. Enzymatic hydrolysis of 6',6"-di-O-acetyl sophorolipid lactone by cutinase from Fusarium solani results specifically in the removal of the 6'-O-acetyl group, whereas the 6"-O-acetyl and lactone group are resistant. This specificity is explained from a three-dimensional model of the sophorolipid generated on the basis of the short 1H,1H distances as inferred from the NMR (ROESY) spectra. 相似文献