SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF VITAMIN B1 ON SANITIZER AND DISINFECTANT TREATMENTS FOR REDUCTION OF BACILLUS CEREUS IN RICE

The synergistic bactericidal effects of vitamin B₁ (thiamine dilauryl sulfate) and the efficacy of commercial sanitizers for minimization of Bacillus cereus contamination in cooked rice were investigated. Sanitizer-treated rice exhibited a greater reduction than water-treated rice, while sanitizer-treated rice with Vitamin B₁ produced an even greater reduction. The treatments for B. cereus in rice included (1) 100 ppm hydrogen peroxide with 500 ppm vitamin B₁; (2) 200 ppm hydrogen peroxide with 100 ppm vitamin B₁; (3) 400 ppm hydrogen peroxide; (4) 50 ppm chlorine with 500 ppm vitamin B₁; (5) 60 ppm chlorine with 300 ppm vitamin B₁; (6) 70 ppm chlorine with 100 ppm vitamin B₁; (7) 80 ppm chlorine; and (8) 100,000 ppm ethanol with 500 vitamin B_1. All treatments completely eliminated B. cereus in rice. The sensory properties of all sanitizer-treated cooked rice did not differ significantly from the same properties for water-treated cooked rice.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

The prevalence of Bacillus cereus in rice and rice products has been documented and control of the growth of B. cereus in rice is an important consideration. The results obtained from this study can be of use to rice producers in the manufacture of safe products. Although chemical disinfectants can be used to reduce the amount of B. cereus in rice, vitamin B₁ can also be used as an effective additive that reduces the amount of disinfectant use via a synergistic antimicrobial effect. The increasing use of chemical disinfectants for safety in the food industry can be reversed using our method.     

茶叶辐照的热释光分析研究

不采用二次辐照,将TL 分析法应用于辐照茶叶的定性鉴定。分离并收集茶叶中黏附的硅酸盐,采用热释光剂量仪测量获得硅酸盐的热释光发光曲线,比较未辐照与辐照不同剂量茶叶的热释光发光曲线的积分强度、峰值和峰值温度等特征参数。未辐照茶叶的热释光发光曲线的积分强度小于50、峰值小于0.4、峰值温度大于260℃;反之,辐照茶叶的热释光发光曲线的积分强度大于50000、峰值大于600、峰值温度位于160～190℃。TL 分析法能判别出茶叶的辐照与否,尤其对不能满足参比剂量辐照条件的样品很有帮助。     

前躯体浸渍法制备VO_x/Al_2O_3及其催化二甲醚制甲醛性能

采用前躯体浸渍法合成了VOx/Al2O3催化剂,并采用XRD、Uv-Vis、H2-TPR、NH3-TPD以及吡啶吸附红外等技术对催化剂材料的结构和性能进行了表征,同时考察了催化剂上二甲醚制备甲醛的反应性能。XRD的测试表明,V的氧化物在载体上处于高度分散状态,没有独立的V2O5晶相峰存在。Uv-Vis的测试表明,前躯体浸渍法制备的催化剂较之常规浸渍法制备的催化剂位于更高波数,因而VOx物种在载体表面的分散更加均一。H2-TPR的结果表明前躯体浸渍法制备的催化剂,相对更加容易还原,催化氧化能力更强。NH3-TPD以及吡啶吸附红外的结果表明前躯体浸渍法制备的催化剂相对具有较少的B酸和较弱的酸性。前躯体浸渍法制备的VOx/Al2O3催化剂在DME选择氧化制备甲醛的过程中,具有更高的甲醛的选择性和收率,选择催化的性能更佳。     

准噶尔盆地乌夏地区稠油稠变阶段及其成藏特征分析

乌夏地区稠油分布于距油源玛湖凹陷远距离的断裂上盘中生界超覆尖灭带上,埋深浅,构造简单。表现出高密度、高粘度、高沥青质、高酸值、低蜡、较高凝固点的特征,体现了生物降解原油的基本特征。根据其饱和烃色质谱特征、生物标志化合物降解程度、三环萜烷和孕甾烷含量等将其降解稠变过程划分为4个阶段。长距离通过不整合面运移遭受水洗、生物降解是导致原油稠变的主要因素,其成藏主要与不整合和浅部正断层有关,在后期成藏中对油气有重要的封堵作用。     

视觉文档图像中反渗噪声的去除方法

提出根据直方图特征去除视觉文档图像反渗噪声的方法.对于灰度直方图呈双峰特性的噪声图像,选取适当区域分别进行增强或归一化处理以达到去除反渗噪声的目的;而对于直方图呈单峰特性的含反渗噪声图像,建立了一种基于背景分离的新算法.实验结果表明,该方法可以有效去除视觉文档图像中的反渗噪声.     

Backstepping - Sliding Mode Controllers Applied to a Fixed-Wing UAV

This paper deals with the design of five controllers, based on Backstepping and Sliding Modes, which are applied to a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). We are interested to realize a comparative analysis of such methodologies in order to know what controller has a better performance when they are used to the autonomous flight (altitude, yaw and roll) of a fixed-wing UAV. The designed controllers are: Backstepping, Sliding Mode control (SMC), Backstepping with Sliding Mode control, Backstepping with two Sliding Mode control, and Backstepping with high order Sliding Mode (HOSM) control. Simulation results are obtained in order to analyze the controllers performance. We finally present an experimental result, in open-loop, with the purpose of validate the magnitude of the control signals obtained in the simulations.     

Applicability of time-of-flight-based ground and multispectral aerial imaging for grapevine canopy vigour monitoring under direct root-zone deficit irrigation

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the applicability of ground-based 3D time-of-flight (ToF) imaging and small unmanned aerial system (UAS) integrated multispectral imaging as a rapid grapevine canopy vigour mapping tool for decision support during crop production management. Direct root-zone deficit irrigation was applied to grapevines with continuous and pulse irrigation techniques at 15%, 30%, and 60% rates as that of standard irrigation rate (100%) established by the grower in a commercial production. The control block was irrigated continuously at 100% standard irrigation rate. Field plots were imaged using ground platform integrated with 3D ToF imaging sensor and small UAS-integrated multispectral camera at 128 and 65 days before the harvest to estimate the canopy vigour variability associated with irrigation treatments. Customized as well as standard methods (convex hull and voxel grid) were utilized to extract canopy attributes (e.g. volume) from the 3D ToF imaging sensor data. The multispectral images were processed to extract normalized and green normalized difference vegetation index images. Resulting data were used to estimate canopy area ratio i.e. the ratio between the grapevine canopy area with respect to the total area in selected region of interest. A significant correlation (r = 0.34) between canopy volume estimated by customized algorithm and aerial canopy area ratio was observed. Custom canopy volume estimates were also highly correlated (r = 0.79) with voxel grid derived canopy volume data. Overall, 60% continuous direct root zone deficit irrigation appeared to produce canopy volume/vigour comparable with those under control treatment. Results also suggest that grower can utilize either or both (ground and aerial) grapevine canopy mapping techniques for effective management.     

一种新的基于相位调制跟踪的电源并联控制方法

研究了抗干扰能力强、控制可靠性高的数字化并联控制技术，提出了一种数字均流控制方法一相位调制跟踪法。该方法将每个模块有功功率、无功功率和同步信号通过相位调制的方法变换为相位变化的周期脉冲信号，然后通过锁相同步的方法使所有并联逆变器模块都跟踪相位最超前，即输出功率最大模块的脉冲信号，从而实现功率均分。该方法具有控制信号分辨率高，抗干扰能力强以及稳定性好等优点，提高了系统均流控制精度；同时，自然实现了民主主从控制，具有好的控制冗余性。克服了线路阻抗变化对系统均流精度的影响。实验结果表明，该方法能较好地实现逆变模块的功率均分，模块间输出电流偏差小于1％。