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71.
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation is considered for phase-shift keying communication systems in time-varying fading channels. Both data-aided (DA) estimation and nondata-aided (NDA) estimation are addressed. The time-varying fading channel is modeled as a polynomial-in-time. Inherent estimation accuracy limitations are examined via the Cramer-Rao lower bound, where it is shown that the effect of the channel's time variation on SNR estimation is negligible. A novel maximum-likelihood (ML) SNR estimator is derived for the time-varying channel model. In DA scenarios, where the estimator has a simple closed-form solution, the exact performance is evaluated both with correct and incorrect (i.e., mismatched) polynomial order. In NDA estimation, the unknown data symbols are modeled as random, and the marginal likelihood is used. The expectation-maximization algorithm is proposed to iteratively maximize this likelihood function. Simulation results show that the resulting estimator offers statistical efficiency over a wider range of scenarios than previously published methods. 相似文献
72.
Henderson J.G.N. Bretl W.E. Deiss M.S. Goldberg A. Markwalter B. Muterspaugh M. Touzni A. 《Proceedings of the IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers》2006,94(1):119-147
Receivers of broadcast digital television (DTV) service operate in an often difficult environment of electrical interference, multiple other TV signals in close frequency proximity, multipath, wide dynamic range input signals, and uncertain antenna choice and installation. Receivers must demodulate and decode the signal and optimize its processing for different display technologies-a process that can include format conversion between progressive and interlaced scanning and different screen pixel counts. Data that supports the new services enabled by digital transmission must be decoded and processed. Receiver designers must implement the required functions cost-effectively even as they strive to provide performance and feature differentiation from their competitors' products. This paper describes all of the DTV receiver functions and references the associated standards. Emphasis is given to the difficult areas of signal reception and demodulation and to sections of the receiver that enable attractive and recognizable consumer features. 相似文献
73.
辐射诱导冷却肉脂肪氧化机理与抑制方法研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
探讨了辐照剂量、贮藏效应、氧气含量和抗氧化剂等因素对辐照冷却肉脂肪氧化的影响,提出了抑制辐照冷却肉脂肪氧化的技术方法。结果表明,辐照冷却肉的过氧化值与辐照剂量存在极显著的正相关关系(p〈0.01),随着贮藏时间的延长表现为先升后降;在包装实验中,真空包装和无氧包装(N2+CO2)可以咀显降低贮藏期间辐照冷却肉的过氧化值和TBARS值(硫代巴比妥酸反应物);添加抗氧化剂后,辐照冷却肉的脂肪氧化明显降低,其过氧化值和TBARS值在贮藏期间不超过3meq/kg和0.4mgMDA/kg,而对照达到29meq/kg和1.13mgMDA/kg,其中抗氧化剂茶多酚和维生素E起主导作用。 相似文献
74.
Mercado L.L. Goldberg C. Kuo S.-M. Tien-Yu Tom Lee Pozder S.K. 《Device and Materials Reliability, IEEE Transactions on》2003,3(4):111-118
An interfacial-fracture-mechanics-based simulation methodology has been developed to study the flip-chip packaging effect on the copper/low-k structures. Multilevel submodeling techniques have been used to bridge the scale difference between the flip-chip packages and the metal/dielectric stacks. To achieve a smaller feature size and higher speed in future chips, SiO/sub 2/ can be replaced with low-k dielectric material in all via and trench layers or the number of metal layers can be increased. The effect of both packaging options has been evaluated. With either option, the future flip-chip copper/low-k packages are facing higher possibilities of adhesive or cohesive failure near the low-k interface. This paper provides a quantitative evaluation of the increased risk, thus providing guidelines to the next level of low-k flip-chip packages. 相似文献
75.
分子自组装体系的影响因素及其在纳米材料中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了分子自组装体系的影响因素以及分子自组装技术在纳米材料制备方面的应用,并对聚合物自组装体系及研究进展作了综述. 相似文献
76.
AM Bravo-Angel HA Becker R Kunze B Hohn WH Shen 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,248(5):527-534
A reverse genetic system for studying excision of the transposable element Ds1 in maize plants has been established previously. In this system, the Ds1 element, as part of the genome of maize streak virus (MSV), is introduced into maize plants via agroinfection. In the presence of the Ac element, excision of Ds1 from the MSV genome results in the appearance of viral symptoms on the maize plants. Here, we used this system to study DNA sequences required in cis for excision of Ds1. The Ds1 element contains the Ac transposase binding motif AAACGG in only one of its subterminal regions (defined here as the 5' subterminal region). We showed that mutation of these motifs abolished completely the excision capacity of Ds1. This is the first direct demonstration that the transposase binding motifs are essential for excision. Mutagenesis with oligonucleotide insertions in the other (3') subterminal region resulted in elements with either a reduced or an increased excision efficiency, indicating that this subterminal region also has an important function. 相似文献
77.
78.
高取代度氰乙基纤维素与二醋酸纤维素共混中空纤维纳滤膜的研制 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用高取代度氰乙基纤维素与二醋酸纤维素共混为膜材料,丙酮、二氧六环混合溶剂,以有机醇为主、加入适量其他添加剂为致孔剂,通过冰水凝胶浴干湿法纺丝,制得性能良好的中空纤维纳滤膜,该膜在给水质量浓度1 800 mg/L、操作压力为0.6 MPa、水温25℃条件下,对二价盐CaCl2、一价盐NaCl的水溶液的脱盐率分别大于90%和小于60%,水通量均大于3.5 mL/(cm2.h).还讨论了膜液的组成和纺丝条件对膜性能的影响. 相似文献
79.
Rapid, chip-scale, and cost-effective single particle detection of biological agents is of great importance to human health and national security. We report real-time, high-throughput detection and sizing of individual, low-index polystyrene nanoparticles and H1N1 virus. Our widefield, common path interferometer detects nanoparticles and viruses over a very large sensing area, orders of magnitude larger than competing techniques. We demonstrate nanoparticle detection and sizing down to 70 nm in diameter. We clearly size discriminate nanoparticles with diameters of 70, 100, 150, and 200 nm. We also demonstrate detection and size characterization of hundreds of individual H1N1 viruses in a single experiment. 相似文献
80.