浅谈设计思维

设计的功能是以人为本,丰富和升华人们的生理体验和心理体验以提升生活品质,传递信息和新的思维方式;设计作品的优劣从某种角度来说是设计思维深入程度决定的;设计思维是以个人对世界的认识为基础的;人对世界认识的程度实际上也就是设计思维深入的程度,因此我们应弄清自己思维的渊源,树立正确的世界观。     

浅谈设计思维

设计的功能是以人为本,丰富和升华人们的生理体验和心理体验以提升生活品质,传递信息和新的思维方式;设计作品的优劣从某种角度来说是设计思维深入程度决定的;设计思维是以个人对世界的认识为基础的;人对世界认识的程度实际上也就是设计思维深入的程度,因此我们应弄清自己思维的渊源,树立正确的世界观。     

Precision of the CAESAR scan-extracted measurements

Three-dimensional (3D) body scanners are increasingly used to derive 1D body dimensions from 3D whole body scans for instance, as input for clothing grading systems to make made-to-measure clothing or for width and depth dimensions of a seated workstation. In this study, the precision of the scanner-derived 1D dimensions from the CAESAR survey, a multinational anthropometric survey, was investigated. Two combinations of scanning teams with 3D whole body scanners were compared, one called the US Team and the other the Dutch Team. Twenty subjects were measured three times by one scanner and one team, and three times by the other combination. The subjects were marked prior to scanning using small dots, and the linear distances between the dots were calculated after processing the scans. The mean absolute difference (MAD) of the repetitions was calculated and this was compared to reported acceptable errors in manual measurements from the US Army's ANSUR survey when similar measurements were available. In addition, the coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated for all measurements. The results indicate that the CAESAR scan-extracted measurements are highly reproducible; for most measures the MAD is less than 5mm. In addition, more than 93% of the MAD values for CAESAR are significantly smaller than the ANSUR survey acceptable errors. Therefore, it is concluded that the type of scan-extracted measures used in CAESAR are as good as or better than comparable manual measurements. Scan-extracted measurements that do not use markers or are not straight-line distances are not represented here and additional studies would be needed to verify their precision.     

A real-time ultrasound time-domain correlation blood flowmeter. II. Performance and experimental verification

For Part I, see ibid., vol.40, no.6, p.768-775 (1993). The performance of a real-time ultrasound time-domain correlation (UTDC) flowmeter employing a high-speed residue number system correlator under various flow conditions for different correlation parameter settings is evaluated. Previous work has incorporated a weighted-averaging scheme to estimate the flow velocity over a wide number of echo signal spacings. The present evaluation indicates that a linear averaging of 50 adjacent echo signal pairs produces equivalent accuracy and precision at real-time processing speed as compared to previous non-real time systems incorporating weighted averaging.     

Ultrastructural evidence for an innervation of epithelial enterochromaffine cells in the guinea pig duodenum

The innervation of the duodenal enterochromaffine cells (E.C.) of the guinea pig was studied at the electronmicroscopic level. Pretreatment with 5-OH-dopamine was performed to visualize catecholaminergic (CA) nervous elements. Near the basement membrane of all examined E.C. in the crypts, bundles of unmyelinated nerve processes were observed, only partly ensheathed in a Schwann cell cover. At least 4 types of processes could be observed. 1) Boutons containing only small clear vesicles, probably cholinergic fibres; 2) boutons with small clear vesicles, and in addition large (greater than 200 nm) granules with a dense matrix (P-type-fibres); 3) boutons with small electron-dense vesicles, probably CA-fibres; and 4) processes with few vesicles but having the appearance of dendrites. No typical synaptic arrangements were observed, but the minimal distance between the E.C. and the nerve bundles was 150 to 250 nm, thus well within the functional limits of the "autonomic gap". Thus epithelial E.C. may be influenced by several types of nervous elements, including CA-fibres.     

Vehicle routing concepts in the closed-loop container network of ARN—a case study

In this paper we discuss a real-life case study to optimize the logistics network for the collection of containers from end-of-life vehicle dismantlers in the Netherlands. Advanced planning concepts, such as dynamic assignment of dismantlers to logistic service providers, are analyzed using a simulation model. Based on this model, we periodically solve a vehicle routing problem to gain insight into the long-term performance of the system. The vehicle routing problem considered is a multi-depot pickup and delivery problem with alternative delivery locations. A special characteristic of the problem is the limited vehicle capacity of two containers. We solve this problem with a heuristic based on route generation and set partitioning.     

分子自组装体系的影响因素及其在纳米材料中的应用

介绍了分子自组装体系的影响因素以及分子自组装技术在纳米材料制备方面的应用,并对聚合物自组装体系及研究进展作了综述.     

The binding motifs for Ac transposase are absolutely required for excision of Ds1 in maize

A reverse genetic system for studying excision of the transposable element Ds1 in maize plants has been established previously. In this system, the Ds1 element, as part of the genome of maize streak virus (MSV), is introduced into maize plants via agroinfection. In the presence of the Ac element, excision of Ds1 from the MSV genome results in the appearance of viral symptoms on the maize plants. Here, we used this system to study DNA sequences required in cis for excision of Ds1. The Ds1 element contains the Ac transposase binding motif AAACGG in only one of its subterminal regions (defined here as the 5' subterminal region). We showed that mutation of these motifs abolished completely the excision capacity of Ds1. This is the first direct demonstration that the transposase binding motifs are essential for excision. Mutagenesis with oligonucleotide insertions in the other (3') subterminal region resulted in elements with either a reduced or an increased excision efficiency, indicating that this subterminal region also has an important function.     

高取代度氰乙基纤维素与二醋酸纤维素共混中空纤维纳滤膜的研制

采用高取代度氰乙基纤维素与二醋酸纤维素共混为膜材料,丙酮、二氧六环混合溶剂,以有机醇为主、加入适量其他添加剂为致孔剂,通过冰水凝胶浴干湿法纺丝,制得性能良好的中空纤维纳滤膜,该膜在给水质量浓度1 800 mg/L、操作压力为0.6 MPa、水温25℃条件下,对二价盐CaCl2、一价盐NaCl的水溶液的脱盐率分别大于90%和小于60%,水通量均大于3.5 mL/(cm2.h).还讨论了膜液的组成和纺丝条件对膜性能的影响.     

单模光纤环轴向磁场问题的理论研究

去偏光纤陀螺的非理想单模光纤,在垂直于光纤环面的轴向磁场作用下,由于Faraday 效应,在其中传播的正反两束光会产生一个与磁场有关的非互易相位差.本文基于单色光对在轴向磁场作用下的单模光纤环进行理论推导、分析,给出仿真结果和实验结果,并提出减小轴向磁场作用下的Faraday非互易相位差的方法.