国内外稠油和沥青VAPEX技术发展现状与分析

自1991年Roger Butler提出稠油和沥青的蒸汽萃取（VAPEX）技术以来,VAPEX已经成为一个非常有前途的开采工艺。最主要的原因是,相对于其它的采油工艺,VAPEX具有环境友好、成本低的特点。本文详细综述了国内外VAPEX技术最新发展现状,探讨了VAPEX开采稠油技术机理,评述了VAPEX技术优点及技术局限性,展望了VAPEX技术应用前景,提出了今后发展方向。     

保险粉的盐母液制备硫代硫酸钠

研究了以保险粉的盐母液为原料 ,经加热、加硫、空气氧化、浓缩结晶 ,制备硫代硫酸钠并回收氯化钠的新工艺 ,具有较好的经济和社会效益     

富马海松酸环氧树脂的制备及漆膜性能

通过松香(RA)与富马酸(FA)高温下的Diels-Alder反应合成了富马海松酸(FPA),并利用碳谱(13CNMR)、电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)、红外光谱(IR)对其进行了表征;通过FPA与丁二醇二缩水甘油醚(BDGE)、己二醇二缩水甘油醚(HDGE)的酯化反应合成了松香基环氧树脂预聚体(FB、FH),测试了预聚体与固化剂不同配比下固化物的漆膜性能;结果表明,当n(活性氢)/n(环氧基)在1.0、1.2时,漆膜的硬度大于HB,附着力小于2级,T-弯实验小于2 T,耐冲击强度大于9.8 J,耐化学性能良好。     

基于ADAMS/View的弧焊机器人运动精度可靠性分析方法

弧焊机器人各部分的传动精度会对焊枪的行走精度产生累积误差,影响焊接质量,因此有效控制其传动精度和各类随机误差成为提高设计质量的关键.文中提出一种弧焊机器人运动精度可靠性分析方法.基于ADAMS/View软件虚拟平台,建立弧焊机器人参数化虚拟试验样机,利用乘同余法编写正态分布伪随机数子函数程序,模拟机构的各种随机误差分布,实现样机的Monte Carlo参数化,从而随机建立虚拟样机进行模拟计算,获取焊接过程动态特性大样本试验数据,统计试验数据并求取其运动可靠度.结果表明,该方法不必建立复杂的机构运动学数学模型,能有效提高设计效率和精度.     

Current density limitation and diffusion boundary layer calculation using CFD method

The knowledge of limiting current density and thickness of diffusion boundary layer is particularly important in improving space-time-yield of electrolysis and especially of high current-density electrolysis. Both natural and forced convection of electrolyte flow are considered in the presented computational fluid dynamics model for calculation of these values. Natural convection is modeled by implementation of a source term at the cathode surface for copper concentration according to Faraday’s law, which allows calculation of electrolyte density for each volume cell of the grid. Forced convection is considered as flow of electrolyte through the cell generated by electrolyte inlet and outlet. By variation of current density, the limiting current density can be calculated with a copperion concentration of zero at the cathode surface after reaching the steady-state conditions in electrolyte. Time dependency of diffusion boundary layer thickness is shown for a chosen cell geometry. Literature data and measured and calculated values of both quantities are in good agreement.     

金刚烷甲酸纤维素酯的合成与表征

以N,N-二甲基乙酰胺/LiCl为溶剂,以对甲苯磺酰氯为共反应剂原位活化金刚烷甲酸,在均相反应体系中合成了新的纤维素高级脂肪酸酯——金刚烷甲酸纤维素酯。采用红外光谱、核磁共振谱进行了表征。热重分析表明,在纤维素链中引入金刚烷基可提高其热稳定性,取代度越高,热稳定性越好。金刚烷甲酸纤维素酯在有机溶剂中的溶解性随取代度增大而提高。     

微米级银粉微观结构分析

通过使用XRD方法对热分解方法和碱体系还原得到的微米级银粉微观结构分析,结果表明微米级银粉都是纳米级的银晶体颗粒组成,且为面心立方结构;银粉晶粒表现为各向异性;制粉条件会影响银粉晶粒尺寸,升高热分解温度促使晶粒变小,机械整形和磨制促使晶粒变小;制备的银粉存在晶格畸变,均表现为晶格膨胀;制粉条件会影响晶面的布拉格衍射强度,且对不同晶面的影响程度存在差异。     

重载大模数齿轮深层渗碳工艺精益化探讨

分析了传统重载齿轮深层渗碳深度的确定方法,列出了近年部分重载齿轮对渗碳层深度要求的变化。选用不同直径的代表性试样和齿形试样,进行了碳势梯度、显微硬度以及渗碳淬硬层应力测定,探索深层渗碳工艺精益化。适当降低渗碳层深度,在确保齿轮承载能力的前提下,使深层渗碳过程成为节能减排、清洁高效的加工技术。     

CYP154C5 Regioselectivity in Steroid Hydroxylation Explored by Substrate Modifications and Protein Engineering**

CYP154C5 from Nocardia farcinica is a P450 monooxygenase able to hydroxylate a range of steroids with high regio- and stereoselectivity at the 16α-position. Using protein engineering and substrate modifications based on the crystal structure of CYP154C5, an altered regioselectivity of the enzyme in steroid hydroxylation had been achieved. Thus, conversion of progesterone by mutant CYP154C5 F92A resulted in formation of the corresponding 21-hydroxylated product 11-deoxycorticosterone in addition to 16α-hydroxylation. Using MD simulation, this altered regioselectivity appeared to result from an alternative binding mode of the steroid in the active site of mutant F92A. MD simulation further suggested that the entrance of water to the active site caused higher uncoupling in this mutant. Moreover, exclusive 15α-hydroxylation was observed for wild-type CYP154C5 in the conversion of 5α-androstan-3-one, lacking an oxy-functional group at C17. Overall, our data give valuable insight into the structure–function relationship of this cytochrome P450 monooxygenase for steroid hydroxylation.