金刚烷甲酸纤维素酯的合成与表征

以N,N-二甲基乙酰胺/LiCl为溶剂,以对甲苯磺酰氯为共反应剂原位活化金刚烷甲酸,在均相反应体系中合成了新的纤维素高级脂肪酸酯——金刚烷甲酸纤维素酯。采用红外光谱、核磁共振谱进行了表征。热重分析表明,在纤维素链中引入金刚烷基可提高其热稳定性,取代度越高,热稳定性越好。金刚烷甲酸纤维素酯在有机溶剂中的溶解性随取代度增大而提高。     

Identification of Lysophosphatidylcholine–Chlorohydrin in Human Atherosclerotic Lesions

Lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPtdCho) levels are elevated in sera in patients with atherosclerosis and in atherosclerotic tissue. Previous studies have shown that reactive chlorinating species attack plasmalogens in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC), forming lysoPtdCho and lysoPtdCho–chlorohydrin (lysoPtdCho–ClOH). The results herein demonstrate for the first time that lysoPtdCho–ClOH is elevated over 60-fold in human atherosclerotic lesions. In cultured HCAEC, 18:0 lysoPtdCho–ClOH led to a statistically significant increase in P-selectin cell-surface expression, but unlike 18:1 lysoPtdCho did not lead to cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression. These data show that 18:0 lysoPtdCho–ClOH is elevated in atherosclerotic tissue and may have unique pro-atherogenic properties compared to lysoPtdCho.     

微米级银粉微观结构分析

通过使用XRD方法对热分解方法和碱体系还原得到的微米级银粉微观结构分析,结果表明微米级银粉都是纳米级的银晶体颗粒组成,且为面心立方结构;银粉晶粒表现为各向异性;制粉条件会影响银粉晶粒尺寸,升高热分解温度促使晶粒变小,机械整形和磨制促使晶粒变小;制备的银粉存在晶格畸变,均表现为晶格膨胀;制粉条件会影响晶面的布拉格衍射强度,且对不同晶面的影响程度存在差异。     

重载大模数齿轮深层渗碳工艺精益化探讨

分析了传统重载齿轮深层渗碳深度的确定方法,列出了近年部分重载齿轮对渗碳层深度要求的变化。选用不同直径的代表性试样和齿形试样,进行了碳势梯度、显微硬度以及渗碳淬硬层应力测定,探索深层渗碳工艺精益化。适当降低渗碳层深度,在确保齿轮承载能力的前提下,使深层渗碳过程成为节能减排、清洁高效的加工技术。     

Comparing Procurement Methods for Design-Build Projects

The design-build delivery method is increasingly used in the United States due to numerous advantages it can offer a project. An important issue associated with design-build delivery is the procurement method used to select the design-build team. It is a critical decision that involves several key project team members, including the owner, designer, and contractor organizations, and requires the owner to carefully choose the design-build procurement method that will be used to select the team that will deliver the project. This research quantitatively analyzed the correlation between the design-build procurement method and the performance of the design-build project with regard to cost, time, and quality metrics. The procurement methods studied were sole source, qualifications-based, best value, and low bid selection. Data were collected through surveys from 76 design-build projects in the United States. Based on the patterns and relationships identified from these data, a better understanding of the procurement process and how it influences project performance is achieved. The impact of project-specific factors and guidelines are presented to assist owners in selecting the design-build team procurement method that responds to their project goals.     

Comparison of left anterior oblique, anterior, and geometric mean methods in gastric emptying assessment of postpancreaticoduodenectomy patients

Although left anterior oblique (LAO) gastric emptying studies appear to be an adequate alternative to geometric mean (GM) measurements in patients with normal gastric anatomy, it is not clear whether they can be used after gastric or duodenal surgery. In this study, dual-phase gastric emptying studies with combined solid-liquid meal were performed in 54 patients who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure). Gastric emptying was studied with GM, LAO, and anterior (ANT) methods. T1/2 and percent gastric retention at 10, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes were calculated. Results from the three methods were compared using correlation analysis and the t test. The t test showed no significant difference in T1/2 and percent retention values between the GM and LAO or ANT views. The solid emptying T1/2 showed a better correlation between GM and LAO values (r = 0.824) than between GM and ANT (r = 0.589). For the liquid T1/2, the reverse was true. Correlation between GM and ANT (r = 0.939) was better than between GM and LAO (r = 0.839); however, both LAO and ANT views correlated well with GM liquid emptying. It is concluded that the LAO view can replace GM gastric emptying methods in postpancreaticoduodenectomy patients for evaluation of both solid and liquid emptying, although the ANT view appears completely adequate for the study of liquid emptying.     

Small-dose hyperbaric versus plain bupivacaine during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section

In a double-blind, randomized trial, 98 parturients undergoing cesarean section received either hyperbaric or plain bupivacaine 6.6 mg combined with sufentanil 3.3 microg as part of a combined spinal-epidural procedure. To prevent hypotension, 1000 mL of lactated Ringer's solution, 500 mL of hydroxyethyl starch 6%, and ephedrine 5 mg were administered i.v. The height of the block was equal in both groups, but more patients in the plain group had blocks that were either too high or too low (P < 0.01). The number of patients requiring epidural supplementation was equal in both groups. Strict criteria were used to treat hypotension. The overall incidence of systolic blood pressure (<90 mm Hg) was 13%, whereas it was more pronounced in the plain group (21% vs 6% in the hyperbaric group, P < 0.05), which required more ephedrine (P < 0.05) and in which a greater incidence of nausea was noticed (P < 0.05). We conclude that the use of a small dose of intrathecal bupivacaine combined with sufentanil plus our described preloading regimen resulted in a lower incidence of hypotension. Further, we conclude that the use of hyperbaric bupivacaine in this manner provides a more reliable block and a lower incidence of hypotension than plain bupivacaine. Implications: A small dose of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% combined with sufentanil used intrathecally during cesarean section offered a more reliable cephalad spread of the spinal block than the glucose-free combination, which was reflected in a lower incidence of hypotension and nausea.     

Opioids activate G proteins in REM sleep-related brain stem nuclei of rat

Mu opioid receptors within the pontine reticular formation contribute to opioid-induced rapid eye movement (REM) sleep inhibition. Mu receptors are coupled to guanine nucleotide binding (G) proteins and this study tested the hypothesis that the micro opioid agonist [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAMGO) would activate G proteins in rat brain stem nuclei known to regulate REM sleep. In vitro autoradiography of DAMGO-stimulated [35S]GTPgammaS binding showed that, compared with basal [35S]GTPgammaS binding, DAMGO significantly increased G protein activation in the nucleus pontis oralis (56.2%), nucleus pontis caudalis (57.3%), laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (75.8%), pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (72.4%), nucleus locus coeruleus (77.2%) and dorsal raphe nucleus (73.4%). DAMGO stimulation of [35S]GTPgammaS binding in nuclei regulating REM sleep suggests that opioid-induced REM sleep inhibition involves activation of G proteins.     

Absence of normal activation of the left anterior fusiform gyrus during naming in left temporal lobe epilepsy

Patients with left temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) often have impaired naming. We studied 13 patients with left TLE and 10 healthy control subjects with [(15)O]H2O PET during visual confrontation naming. Statistical mapping detected multiple regions of significant cerebral blood flow increases within individuals. The left fusiform gyrus was activated in nine healthy subjects, but only in two patients with TLE (a significant difference, p < 0.001). Other activation sites were more variable in healthy subjects and those with TLE. Impaired naming ability may be associated with a lack of increased cerebral blood flow in the left fusiform gyrus in TLE.