Rapid and easy procedure for the determination of immunoglobulin class and light chain type of anti-lactate dehydrogenase antibodies in macro-lactate dehydrogenase

We developed an easy to perform and rapid method for determination of the immunoglobulin class and light chain type of anti-enzyme antibodies present in macro-enzymes. The procedure is a combination of two routinely used laboratory kits, and it allows identification of the antibody involved within 1.5 hour. The applicability of the method was demonstrated for macro-lactate dehydrogenase.     

Vitamin C blocks inflammatory platelet-activating factor mimetics created by cigarette smoking

Cigarette smoking within minutes induces leukocyte adhesion to the vascular wall and formation of intravascular leukocyte-platelet aggregates. We find this is inhibited by platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonists, and correlates with the accumulation of PAF-like mediators in the blood of cigarette smoke-exposed hamsters. These mediators were PAF-like lipids, formed by nonenzymatic oxidative modification of existing phospholipids, that were distinct from biosynthetic PAF. These PAF-like lipids induced isolated human monocytes and platelets to aggregate, which greatly increased their secretion of IL-8 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha. Both events were blocked by a PAF receptor antagonist. Similarly, blocking the PAF receptor in vivo blocked smoke-induced leukocyte aggregation and pavementing along the vascular wall. Dietary supplementation with the antioxidant vitamin C prevented the accumulation of PAF-like lipids, and it prevented cigarette smoke-induced leukocyte adhesion to the vascular wall and formation of leukocyte-platelet aggregates. This is the first in vivo demonstration of inflammatory phospholipid oxidation products and it suggests a molecular mechanism coupling cigarette smoke with rapid inflammatory changes. Inhibition of PAF-like lipid formation and their intravascular sequela by vitamin C suggests a simple dietary means to reduce smoking-related cardiovascular disease.     

Curative treatment for pancreatic neoplasms. Radical resection

The available data suggest that lymph node involvement is an important prognostic factor in patients with carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. Lymph node metastases occur in as many as 50% of the cases of even the smallest pancreatic cancers now being diagnosed and resected (i.e., those < 2 cm in diameter). There is some evidence, especially from clinical experience in Japan, that wider lymphatic dissections (i.e., wider than those commonly done with the standard Whipple resection) may prolong survival. Unfortunately, many of the available data around the world are retrospective and are not randomized between the standard and the radical operation. Moreover, the pathologic material has not been staged uniformly according to accepted criteria. Thus the various series are not comparable. Comparisons between series require standardization with respect to stage of disease, pathologic classification, and treatment protocols. Before any modification of the standard pancreaticoduodenectomy is adopted, an appropriately designed study should be performed to test its efficacy. This study would also require a more comprehensive analysis of the pathologic material than is commonly performed today in the United States and Europe.     

数据挖掘算法的评价标准与方法

文章阐述了数据挖掘的定义及所涉及到的基础理论知识，并根据数据挖掘本身的特点，探讨了选择合适挖掘算法的重要性，同时分析提出了数据挖掘算法的评价标准与评估方法。并结合实例作了分析。     

Annotated bibliography: studies evaluating decision-support interventions for patients

As the size of the older population grows and mortality rates continue to decline, an unprecedented number of women will live to very old age. Recent research has provided a better understanding of the impact of disability in the older population, risk factors for disability, and the consequences of disability. Older women have consistently been found to have higher prevalence rates of disability than men of the same age. This difference does not result from women developing disability more often than men, but rather surviving longer with their disabilities. This effect may be explained at least in part by the differences in the diseases underlying disability in older women and men. Interventions that can reduce the burden of disability in the aging population are now being explored. In the next century, it will be increasingly important to develop new prevention and treatment strategies that address the functional consequences of chronic disease in the population of women living to older and older ages.