Nonlinear Stress-Strain Relationship of Soil Reinforced with Flexible Geofibers

A nonlinear stress-strain relationship of soil reinforced with flexible geofibers under static loading is derived based on a nonlinear elastic stress-strain relationship of soil and a linear elastic stress-strain relationship of geofibers in the paper. This investigation includes the following aspects: First, the homogenization technique is introduced to find the volume average stress tensor and volume average strain tensor and further an elastic incremental stress-strain relation is introduced to describe deviatoric shear stress-axial strain relationship of equivalent homogeneous geofiber-reinforced soil. Second, the relation of geofiber numbers, content, mechanical behavior, distribution, and geometrical features to shear modulus of geofiber-reinforced soil is expressed and assessed by employing an elastic energy method. Third, the deviatoric shear stress and axial strain curves of geofiber-reinforced soil are calibrated by laboratory testing data of geofiber reinforced soil samples. Finally, the theoretical computational curves of geofiber reinforced soil are compared with the curves calibrated by testing data of geofiber reinforced soil. The model prediction has a good agreement with experimental results.     

Identification of urinary dipeptidase as the released form of renal dipeptidase

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) comprises of a number of childhood abnormalities, often associated with one or more tumors. Thirty-eight patients were investigated to determine clinical and/or biological signs associated with a tumor presence. Our patients exhibited a higher incidence of tumor development (21%) than that previously reported, underlying the care with which such patients should be followed, when particular clinical features are observed: visceromegaly affecting three organs (liver, kidney, spleen), and also family history with sign of BWS such as macroglossia, omphalocele, hemihypertrophy, embryonic tumor), high body weight at birth (> or = +2 standard deviations and diastasis recti.     

The prognostic value of NCAM, p53 and cyclin D1 in resected non-small cell lung cancer

Expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM, in frozen sections has been associated with decreased postoperative survival in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Of the various isoforms of NCAM described, the highly sialylated isoform plays a role in the migration of embryonal cells from the neural crest and is expressed by highly malignant tumours such as small cell lung carcinomas. We investigated the clinical significance of expression of this NCAM isoform as a prognostic factor in a series of 96 non-small cell lung carcinomas resected with curative intent. We also evaluated the effect of microwave pre-treatment of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections on the NCAM immunostaining and related the outcome to the postoperative clinical course of disease. In addition, in an attempt to extend our search for possible molecular markers of unfavourable prognosis in lung cancer, we evaluated increased immunostaining for p53 and cyclin D1 in the same series. We did not find a significant relation between expression of NCAM or its highly sialylated isoform and the length of postoperative survival. The numbers of positive cases (9 and 14, respectively) were relatively low. Increased p53 and cyclin D1 immunostaining (50 and 55 of the 96 tumours) failed to show a significant relation with postoperative survival. In our material, tumour stage was the only significant prognostic factor.     

A new technique for laparoscopic splenectomy with massively enlarged spleens

Splenectomy is indicated in several hematological disorders and it can be particularly challenging in children with sickle cell disease, splenomegaly, and recurrent sequestration. Over the last 6 months, we have developed a new technique for laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) for hypersplenism and splenomegaly in five children with sickle cell disease. The average age of our patients was 6 years (range, 2-11), and the average weight was 18.7 kg (range, 13.2-30.1). On preoperative ultrasound, spleen size index ranged from 0.42 to 0.76. For the LS, four trochars were placed. One patient, who also underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, had six trochars placed, two of which were used for both cholecystectomy and splenectomy. After laparoscopic mobilization of the spleen and hilar vascular stapling, a Steiner electromechanical morcellator was inserted through the 12-mm port to extract cores of splenic tissue until complete splenectomy was achieved. No patient required conversion to an open procedure or creation of a larger incision to remove the massively enlarged spleen. Operative time averaged 190 minutes; the combined LS and cholecystectomy took 245 minutes. Postoperative length of stay was <2 days for all patients. There were no complications, and no patient required postoperative transfusion. Based on these early findings, we conclude that intracorporeal coring of splenic tissue allows for safe and complete laparoscopic removal of very large spleens in small children. It provides expedient recovery and minimal postoperative pain and scarring. This new technique should enable surgeons to perform LS even in patients with massive splenomegaly, eliminating the need for large and cumbersome intracorporeal bags or the creation of additional incisions to remove the spleen.     

Cleavage of rhesus rotavirus VP4 after arginine 247 is essential for rotavirus-like particle-induced fusion from without

We recently described our finding that recombinant baculovirus-produced virus-like particles (VLPs) can induce cell-cell fusion similar to that induced by intact rotavirus in our assay for viral entry into tissue culture cells (J. M. Gilbert and H. B. Greenberg, J. Virol. 71:4555-4563, 1997). The conditions required for syncytium formation are similar to those for viral penetration of the plasma membrane during the course of viral infection. This VLP-mediated fusion activity was dependent on the presence of the outer-layer proteins, viral protein 4 (VP4) and VP7, and on the trypsinization of VP4. Fusion activity occurred only with cells that are permissive for rotavirus infection. Here we begin to dissect the role of VP4 in rotavirus entry by examining the importance of the precise trypsin cleavage of VP4 and the activation of VP4 function related to viral entry. We present evidence that the elimination of the three trypsin-susceptible arginine residues of VP4 by specific site-directed mutagenesis prevents syncytium formation. Two of the three arginine residues in VP4 are dispensable for syncytium formation, and only the arginine residue at site 247 appears to be required for activation of VP4 functions and cell-cell fusion. Using the recombinant VLPs in our syncytium assay will aid in understanding the conformational changes that occur in VP4 involved in rotavirus penetration into host cells.     

Apolipoprotein E allele frequencies in argyrophilic grain disease

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia is a rare inherited hematological disorder defined by deficiency or abnormality of the glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa complex. Presenting symptoms are hemorrhagic events, mainly epistaxis, purpura, or menorrhagia. We describe the clinical course and management of a 14-year-old girl with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and severe menorrhagia. Following treatment with 20 U of packed red blood cells, 37 U of platelets, 7 U of fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, intravenous estrogens, and methylergotrine maleate with no improvement, the uterine cavity was packed for 48 hr. This unusual procedure halted the bleeding and avoided the necessity for a hysterectomy. When treating acute menorrhagia in patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, the physician should be familiar with the characteristics and all treatment modalities for this disorder.