乳品中5种脂肪酸的测定

建立了气相色谱法同时测定奶粉中亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)的高通量分析方法。简化奶粉中提取脂肪的方法,改进脂肪酸甲酯化方法。采用三氟化硼甲醇法衍生,5种脂肪酸的线性范围为25～5 000 mg/L,样品的亚油酸在0.05,0.1和0.2 g/g(脂肪)3个水平的添加回收率为84.9%～109.0%之间,相对标准偏差为2.0%～11.0%;α-亚麻酸在10,20和30 mg/g(脂肪)3个水平的添加回收率为81.5%～122.3%之间,相对标准偏差为3.9%～9.2%;花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)在1,2和3 mg/g(脂肪)3个水平的添加回收率为61%～119%之间,相对标准偏差为2.0%～9.5%;方法的定量限为25μg/g脂肪。方法简便、快速、准确,适用于奶粉中5种脂肪酸的测定。     

蒸煮助剂的制备及其在竹材制浆中的应用

论文研究了蒸煮助剂的制备工艺及其在竹材制浆中的应用。研究结果表明,添加助剂对竹材烧碱法蒸煮的强化脱木素作用效果明显。当助剂C用量为0.07%时,与烧碱法蒸煮工艺相比,得率增加了6.9%,卡伯值降低了8.1,裂断长增加了85.7%,耐折度提高了1倍;与硫酸盐法蒸煮工艺相比,得率提高了1.94%,卡伯值降低了4,成纸强度相当。添加助剂C后成浆和成纸的性能均高于添加绿氧,红外光谱分析可知助剂C和绿氧结构不同,并且均不同于蒽醌,改善了水溶性,有利于蒸煮。     

原位协同鞣提高废弃皮粉热稳定性

我国是皮革生产和消费大国,每年要产生大量的皮革废弃物,其资源化再利用现已成为国内外关注的热点。将原位协同鞣制材料及方法应用于废弃皮粉处理过程,提高废弃皮粉的热稳定性,以满足废弃皮粉作为橡塑填充材料的工艺加工要求。实验结果显示：pH=3．0时,原位物为Indusol ATO,协同物为B1ancotan BC,用量分别为皮粉重量的10％和20％,处理后的废弃皮粉的热变性温度可达236．0℃,具有较高的热稳定性。当原位协同鞣制体系中均为大分子物质时,其加料顺序对处理后样品的Td有较大的影响;而原位物、协同物中有至少一种为小分子物质时,加入顺序对处理后样品Td影响较小。     

1株耐热脂肪酶产生菌的筛选及产酶条件研究

通过固体平板法,从食堂下水道污泥中筛选到1株耐热脂肪酶产生菌LJM-1,采用摇床培养法对该菌株的产酶条件进行了研究,结果表明,该菌株产脂肪酶的适宜培养基组成是:玉米粉淀粉6.0%﹑酵母粉3.5%﹑KH2PO40.3%﹑MgSO4.7H2O0.05%、(NH4)2SO40.5%﹑NaCl0.1%;适宜培养条件:培养温度40℃,初始pH7.7,摇床转速150r/min,装液量100mL/250mL三角瓶,接种量2.5%(体积分数),种龄72h,发酵时间48h。在此条件下,脂肪酶最高酶活为112.6U/mL。在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验对棉粕发酵脱毒条件进行了优化,得到最佳发酵条件是:初始pH7.7,培养温度40℃,接种量1.5%,发酵周期2d,酶活力达131.6U/mL。     

电化学间接氧化方法降解羊毛

电化学间接氧化方法提取羊毛角蛋白可以获得较大溶解率,在之前研究基础上,通过增加使用阴阳离子膜电解来探讨对羊毛溶解率的影响,并进一步分析提取的羊毛角蛋白的相对分子质量和氨基酸组成。结果表明,电化学降解羊毛角蛋白相对分子质量为388,氨基酸总含量为4.34%。属于低分子溶解。     

含铬复鞣加脂废水除铬方法的研究

研究了黄原酸酯类、二硫代氨基甲酸类、均三嗪类三种重金属离子捕集剂对复鞣加脂废水的除铬能力,系统考查了p H、捕集剂投加量、反应时间等参数对废水总铬去除率的影响,确定了最适反应条件,总铬去除率达到95.32%。进一步考查了在最适条件下,金属盐Zn SO4的加入对总铬去除率的影响,结果显示加入金属盐Zn SO4之后沉淀效果更好,总铬去除率达到97.54%。表明在复鞣加脂废水成分复杂不易除铬的情况下,重金属捕集剂和金属盐的配合使用,总铬去除率更高,产生的沉淀可制作铬-锌、铬-铝鞣剂,能够回用于皮革生产。     

Comparison of yield and metabolites according to the types of hilling materials utilized during Glehnia littoralis sprout vegetable cultivation

Food Science and Biotechnology - Various hilling materials (rice hulls, pine sawdust, and perlite) were compared to produce sprout vegetables using beach silvertop (Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schm. ex...     

Kefir peptides exhibit antidepressant-like activity in mice through the BDNF/TrkB pathway

Depression is a prevalent, stress-related mental disorder that can lead to serious psychiatric diseases with morbidity and high mortality. Although some functional fermented dairy drinks have promising anxiolytic and antidepressant effects, the mechanism is still not clear. To determine the antidepressant-like effect and the potential molecule mechanism of kefir peptides (KP), various behavioral tests, including the elevated plus maze test, open field test, forced swimming test, and tail suspension test, were used. Administration of 150 mg/kg KP in mice reduced the duration of immobility in the forced swimming test and tail suspension test, elevated the time spent in the open arm and center zone in the elevated plus maze test, and increased the total distance traveled, average speed, and time spent in the center zone in the open field test compared with the mock group. These results indicated that KP dramatically ameliorated the depression-like behaviors. Kefir peptides were further isolated and identified using high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, from which 3 peptides were identified and designated KFP-1, KFP-3, and KFP-5. Among these peptides, administration of KFP-3 (15 AA residues) remarkably decreased immobility time in the forced swimming test and increased mobility time in the tail suspension test. Therefore, KFP-3 may be the major active peptide with antidepressant activity in KP. Overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, phosphorylated tropomyosin receptor kinase B, and phosphorylated ERK1/2 protein levels could be detected in the hippocampus under KP administration. Therefore, we suggest that KP improves depressive-like behaviors by activating the brain-derived neurotrophic factor–phosphorylated tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling pathway. Kefir peptides may serve as a new type of antidepressant dairy product and may provide potent antidepressant effects for clinical use.     

维药阿拉伯胶重金属含量测定及安全性评价

目的测定阿拉伯胶中常见重金属铅、镉、铜、砷、汞的含量,评价其安全性,为建立阿拉伯胶重金属检测限值提供参考。方法用原子吸收法测定铅、镉、铜、砷、汞的含量,以《药用植物及制剂外经贸绿色行业标准》为标准评价阿拉伯胶的安全性。结果所测各批次样品铅、镉、铜、砷、汞的含量相差较小,符合《药用植物及制剂外经贸绿色行业标准》。结论可安全用于临床,为保障临床用药安全提供依据。