Whole-body kinetics and dosimetry of L-3--123I-iodo-alpha-methyltyrosine

BACKGROUND: Desflurane anesthesia can produce cerebral metabolic depression and increase cerebral blood flow. We evaluated the effect of desflurane on brain tissue oxygen pressure (PO2), carbon dioxide pressure (PCO2) and pH during neurosurgery. METHODS: Following a craniotomy, the dura was opened and a Paratrend 7 sensor, which measures PO2, PCO2, pH and temperature, was inserted into brain tissue. In 6 control patients in group 1, anesthesia was maintained constant with 3% end-tidal desflurane over 60 min, including a 30-min stabilization period. In group 2, 9 patients were ventilated with 3% desflurane under baseline conditions. After a 30-min stabilization period, baseline tissue gases and pH were measured and end-tidal desflurane was increased to 6% and then 9% for 15-min intervals. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was maintained with intravenous phenylephrine. RESULTS: Under baseline conditions, cardiovascular and brain tissue measures were similar between the 2 groups. Increasing end-tidal desflurane from 3% to 9% produced burst-suppression EEG in all patients and significantly increased tissue PO2 and pH and decreased PCO2. No parameters changed significantly in the control group during steady-state anesthesia. CONCLUSION: These results show that 9% desflurane can improve brain tissue metabolic status before temporary brain artery occlusion if cerebral perfusion pressure is maintained. This may be particularly important in patients with symptoms of ischemia before surgery.     

共面转换液晶显示器中获得对比度高于1:600的新技术

薄膜晶体管液晶电视(TFT-LCD TV)因为具有薄、轻、紧凑和可随意放置的特点，已经占据了大部分电视机市场。除了这些物理特性以外，最重要的特性是已具有了良好像质的对比度。为了将对比度提高到1：600以上，对偏振片膜、背光源板、滤色片树脂、电极锥角和摩擦条件等都进行了研究。优化的背光板组合，光滑的电极锥角和摩擦方法的控制是提高对比度的主要控制因素。应用新开发的滤色片树脂，对获得高对比度最为有效。     

Effects of potential and heat treatment on phase transition of alumina dielectric layer

The characteristics and growth behaviors of alumina dielectric layer formed by anodic oxidation were investigated. The aluminum oxide layer anodized at 400 V was predominantly amorphous alumina, but at the applied potentials more than 500 V, amorphous and crystalline γ-alumina were existed in anodic oxide layer and the ratio of γ-alumina increased with the increasing applied potential. During the heat treatment at 600^°C or higher temperature, amorphous alumina layer was transformed into the crystalline γ-alumina. The phase transition of anodic amorphous alumina into crystalline depends on anodic applied potentials and heat-treatment temperatures.     

Nanoporous activated carbon cloth for capacitive deionization of aqueous solution

Activated nanostructured-carbon cloths with a high ratio of surface area to volume are used as electrode for capacitive deionization. The electrochemical properties on capacitive deionization for NaCl solution have been investigated to improve efficiency of capacitive deionization properties from aqueous solution, employing chemical surface-modification by etching in alkaline and acidic solution. The removal efficiency of inorganic salts of activated carbon cloths by chemical modification significantly increased. Specially the carbon cloth surface modified in HNO₃ showed an effect of improvement in the CDI efficiency due to not only ion adsorption by an electric double layer, but also electron transfer by Faradaic reaction.     

A kinetic study on isothermal crystallization of palm oil by solid fat content measurements

Isothermal crystallization of plam oil was studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as well as by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry to monitor its solid fat content (SFC). The temperature of crystallization (Tc) varied from 0 to 30°C, depending on the method used. The plot of %SFC vs. time at 25°C was sigmoidal in shape. However, at lower temperatures, two consecutive curves were clearly visible. Results from DSC experiments showed the following interesting features. At each Tc, the crystals produced were of different compositions. From 0 to 8°C, the thermogram showed three peaks, with the first two peaks (I and II) sharp, and the third (III) rather broad. At elevated temperatures up to 20°C, peak II disappeared totally while peak III tended to shift toward peak I. Above 20°C, both peaks shifted downward to longer times. Peak I continued to be broadened, and then suddenly disappeared at Tc above 24°C. The melting thermograms of the crystals obtained above and below this cut-off point were distinctly different. Kinetic studies on isothermal crystallization based on the data of SFC measurements showed that the data fit well into the Avrami-Erofeev equation with n=3 over the first 70% of the crystallization.     

Study on Contamination Control for Yield Enhancement in the Manufacturing Line of Cellular Phone Modules

Practical studies on the method of contamination control for yield enhancement in the cellular phone modules production line were carried out. A contamination control method was proposed, consisting of data collection, data analysis, improvement action, verification, and implementation of control. The partition check method and the composition analysis for data collection and data analysis were respectively used in the cellular phone modules manufacturing process, and these methods were evaluated by the variation of yield loss before and after implementing the actions for improvement. In the partition check method, the critical process step was selected, and yield loss reduction through improvement actions was observed, whereas in the composition analysis, critical sources were selected, and yield loss reduction through improvement actions was investigated. From the results, it is concluded that the partition check and the composition analysis are effective solutions for contamination control in cleanroom production lines.     

Zero-valent iron treatment of RDX-containing and perchlorate-containing wastewaters from an ammunition-manufacturing plant at elevated temperatures.

The use of zero-valent iron for treating wastewaters containing RDX and perchlorate from an army ammunition plant (AAP) in the USA at elevated temperatures and moderately elevated temperature with chemical addition was evaluated through batch and column experiments. RDX in the wastewater was completely removed in an iron column after 6.4 minutes. Increasing the temperature to 75 degrees C decreased the required retention time to 2.1 minutes for complete RDX removal. Perchlorate in the wastewater was completely removed by iron at an elevated temperature of 150 degrees C in batch reactors in 6 hours without pH control. Significant reduction of perchlorate by zero-valent iron was also achieved at a more moderate temperature (75 degrees C) through use of a 0.2 M acetate buffer. Based on the evaluation results, we propose two innovative processes for treating RDX-containing and perchlorate-containing wastewaters: a temperature and pressure-controlled batch iron reactor and subsequent oxidation by existing industrial wastewater treatment plant; and reduction by consecutive iron columns with heating and acid addition capabilities and subsequent oxidation.