A comparison of clinical results in brain scanning using germanium semiconductor detectors and sodium iodide detectors

A comparison is presented of the image quality obtained with a 70 mm Ge(Li) detector scanner and with routine techniques based on NaI (Tl) detectors. One hundred and sixty-five pairs of brain scans have been examined for which the patients have been scanned with both Ge(Li) and NaI (Tl) detectors. It is concluded that no major difficulties exist in introducing Ge(Li) scanners and that while a comparison of scans from different instruments is difficult there is evidence that improved diagnostic information may be obtained from scanners with Ge(Li) detectors.     

Electrochemical behavior of cerium ion in molten LiCI-KCI

The electrode process of cerium(Ⅲ) on the Mo electrode in eutectic LiCl-KCl melt was investigated by electrochemical transient techniques in the temperature range of 673-783 K,respectively.These results unanimously indicated that the reduction process of cerium(Ⅲ) to cerium metal was a single step exchanging three electrons which was controlled by diffusion of cerium(Ⅲ).Diffusion coefficients(D Ce(Ⅲ)) in eutectic LiCl-KCl melt were determined by cyclic voltammetry,chronopotentiometry and square wave voltammetry.An empirical diffusion coefficient function depending on temperature was proposed:lnD Ce(Ⅲ) =-2.129-5704/T.The formal potentials(Eθ’ Ce(Ⅲ)/Ce(0) versus Ag/AgCl reference electrode) at different temperatures were obtained from chronopotentiometry,which were-2.10 V(673 K) and-2.07 V(733 K),respectively.     

U形件模具表面摩擦对回弹影响的数值模拟

通过对U形件模具表面进行激光复合造型处理,有效的控制模具表面各区域的摩擦系数,从而改善了板料的回弹,同时提高了模具的寿命.利用ABAQUS10.0有限元模拟软件对U形件进行数值模拟,在模具表面各区域设置不同的摩擦系数,揭示了各区域摩擦系数对U形件回弹的影响规律.结果表明:增加凹模圆角、法兰区与板料之间的摩擦,减小凸模圆...     

A Probable Flavoring Principle in Vegetable-Protein Hydrolysates

SUMMARY— The characteristic seasoning flavor of hydrolyzed vegetable proteins has previously been attributed to α-ketobutyric acid formed from threonine under the conditions of acid-hydrolysis. However, pure α-ketobutyric acid is virtually odorless and tasteless, and it develops the characteristic flavor only upon ageing. The true flavoring principle is probably α-hydroxy-β-methyl-Δ.^α,β-γ-hexenolactone, which is formed from the acid by dimerization, lactonization, and decarboxylation. This conversion occurs spontaneously, but is greatly accelerated under acidic conditions.     

中心组合设计优化绿茶色素提取研究

目的:以杭州低档绿茶碎末为原料,提取绿茶色素.方法:研究微粉碎和酶对绿茶色素的浸提效果,并用中心组合设计浸提工艺.结果:绿茶经粉碎过80目筛后采用双酶法提取,先加入果胶酶再加入纤维素酶的绿茶色素的浸提率最佳,最优浸提工艺条件为乙醇浓度82%,反应时间49 min,醇茶比12:1,反应温度79℃,绿茶色素浸提卒为48.69%,以叶绿素计为1.941 mg/g.结论:用中心组合实验设计求得绿茶色素浸提率的数学模型是可行的,并且以杭州低档绿茶碎末提取绿茶色素可以提高茶叶附加值.     

Isolating the contributions of familiarity and source information to item recognition: A time course analysis.

Recognition memory may be mediated by the retrieval of distinct types of information, notably, a general assessment of familiarity and the recovery of specific source information. A response-signal speed-accuracy trade-off variant of an exclusion procedure was used to isolate the retrieval time course for familiarity and source information. In 2 experiments, participants studied spoken and read lists (with various numbers of presentations) and then performed an exclusion task, judging an item as old only if it was in the heard list. Dual-process fits of the time course data indicated that familiarity information typically is retrieved before source information. The implications that these data have for models of recognition, including dual-process and global memory models, are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Toward a redefinition of implicit memory: Process dissociations following elaborative processing and self-generation.

Does conceptual processing affect unconscious uses of memory? The authors used a process-dissociation procedure to separate automatic (unconscious) and consciously controlled uses of memory in a stem-completion task. Contrary to results from indirect test conditions, estimates derived from the procedure showed no effect of self-generation and no differential effect of semantic and nonsemantic study conditions on automatic uses of memory. These results provide evidence that (1) indirect tests are often contaminated by conscious uses of memory and (2) stem completion is highly dependent on prior perceptual (and perhaps lexical) processing. The experiments demonstrate the advantages of using process-dissociation procedures over comparisons between direct and indirect tests. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Heterogeneity of tachykinin receptors in the rabbit lung

The tachykinins, substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA), are agonists for the NK(1) and NK(2) receptors, respectively. Tachykinins have various respiratory effects, including bronchoconstriction. This study characterizes tachykinin binding sites in the rabbit lung. We hypothesize that (2-[(125)I]iodohistidyl(1))Neurokinin A ([(125)I]NKA) interacts with NK1 and NK2 binding sites in the rabbit lung. The K d determined from saturation isotherms was 0.69 times/divided by 1.14 nM (geometric mean times/divided by SEM) and the B max was 4.15 + or - 0.22 femtomole/mg protein (arithmetic mean + or - SEM). Competitive inhibition studies with NKA, SP and various selective tachykinin agonists showed the rank order of potency; [beta-Ala(8)]-Neurokinin A 4-10 = SP > NKA > [Sar(9),Met(02)11]-Substance P. [beta-Ala(8)]-Neurokinin A 4-10, a selective NK(2) agonist, and SP inhibition of [(125)I]NKA binding were best described using a two-site model. Competitive inhibition studies using the selective nonpeptide NK(2) antagonist (SR 48968) and the selective nonpeptide NK(1) antagonist (CP 96,345) revealed Ki's of 5.5 nM and 8.1 nM, respectively. Our data therefore suggest that [(125)I]NKA binds to both the NK(1) and NK(2) receptors in the lung.     

Insulin-induced activation of NADPH-dependent H2O2 generation in human adipocyte plasma membranes is mediated by Galphai2

Human fat cells possess a multireceptor-linked H2O2-generating system that is activated by insulin. Previous studies revealed that manganese was the sole cofactor required for a hormonal regulation of NADPH-dependent H2O2 generation in vitro. In this report it is shown that the synergistic activation of NADPH-dependent H2O2 generation by Mn2+ and insulin was blocked by GDPbetaS (guanosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate)), pertussis toxin and COOH-terminal anti-Galphai1-2 or the corresponding peptide. Consistently, manganese could be replaced by micromolar concentrations of GTPgammaS (guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate)), which increased NADPH-dependent H2O2 generation by 20-40%. Insulin shifted the dose response curve for GTPgammaS to the left (>10-fold) and increased the maximal response. In the presence of 10 microM GTPgammaS, the hormone was active at picomolar concentrations, indicating that insulin acted via its cognate receptor. The insulin receptor and Gi were co-adsorbed on anti-Galphai and anti-insulin receptor beta-subunit (anti-IRbeta) affinity columns. Partially purified insulin receptor preparations contained Galphas, Galphai2, and Gbetagamma (but no Galphai1 or Galphai3). The functional nature of the insulin receptor-Gi2 complex was made evident by insulin's ability to modulate labeling of Gi by bacterial toxins. Insulin action was mimicked by activated Galphai, but not by Galphao or Gbetagamma, indicating that insulin's signal was transduced via Galphai2. Thus, NADPH oxidase is the first example of an effector system that is coupled to the insulin receptor via a heterotrimeric G protein.