The impact of negative affect on autobiographical memory: the role of self-focused attention to moods

Five studies examined how self-focused attention affects the impact of negative moods on autobiographical memory. It was proposed that self-focused attention to moods may increase the likelihood of both mood-congruent recall and mood-incongruent recall and that the type of recall effect that occurs will depend on the manner in which people focus on their moods. In these studies, participants were led to experience negative or neutral moods, exposed to a manipulation designed to affect some aspect of their attention to their moods, and then asked to report memories. This research revealed that when people adopt a reflective orientation to their moods, they are more likely to engage in mood-incongruent recall; in contrast, when they adopt a ruminative orientation to their moods, they are more likely to engage in mood-congruent recall. Thus, the way in which people focus on their moods moderates the relation between mood and memory.     

Magnetic resonance imaging in the staging of solitary plasmacytoma of bone

PURPOSE: To assess prospectively the role of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the staging of patients with a solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twelve consecutive patients with an apparent SBP underwent MR imaging of both the primary tumor and the thoracic and lumbosacral spine to seek additional foci of marrow involvement that might have been undetected by standard skeletal survey. All patients received megavoltage irradiation (total dose, 40 Gy) to the primary lesion. RESULTS: MR imaging of the thoracic and lumbosacral spine showed additional foci of marrow replacement in four of 12 patients, with signal characteristics identical to those of the primary tumor. In all four patients, the abnormal protein persisted at greater than 50% of the pretreatment value following radiation treatment. In contrast, the myeloma protein disappeared or was reduced by greater than 50% in five of the six patients with secretory disease and without additional marrow abnormalities. One of four patients progressed to multiple myeloma 10 months after diagnosis with new lesions on conventional radiographs in the same areas as detected previously by MR imaging. CONCLUSION: Four of 12 patients considered to have a SBP by standard criteria may have been understaged, because MR imaging showed additional marrow abnormalities consistent with myeloma. MR imaging of the spine may contribute to the initial staging of SBP, especially since some patients may be cured with radiotherapy.     

Lymphocyte subpopulations in the mammary gland of the goat

Mammary glands of pregnant, lactating and resting goats were studied by immunohistochemistry for lymphocyte subpopulations using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. All T lymphocyte subpopulations that may have a role in the immune response, CD2+, CD4+, CD8+ and gamma delta T cells and subsets, were present in the mammary gland and were noted to increase in number progressively during pregnancy, decrease significantly during lactation, and then moderately increase during the resting period. CD4+ cells, the predominant cell type in the mammary gland, were located mainly in the connective tissue, whereas CD2+, CD8+ and TcR1-N24+ cells were predominant in the intraepithelial areas. TcR1-N6+ cells were detected almost exclusively during pregnancy, being localized mainly in the connective tissue. Their proportion decreased markedly following parturition. Very few WC1-N3+ and -N4+ cells were detected in the mammary gland. It is suggested that the majority of gamma delta T lymphocytes in the mammary gland of the goat are CD2+ CD8+ WCl-, a distinctive subset from that of the WCl+ subset in peripheral blood.     

Formal analysis of correctness of behavioral transformations

Much has been said about the importance of formal verification in hardware synthesis, but little has been done. Where it has been applied at all, it has only been used on simple, idealized examples. This paper describes the application of formal semantic analysis and verification to part of a working high-level synthesis system. The process revealed several significant errors in that system, errors that had previously been undetected. This experience leads to some reflections on the need for a rigorous, formal basis for hardware specification and synthesis, and on the value of formal techniques.     

Relationship between hippocampal theta activity and running speed in the rat.

The frequency of occurrence and amplitude of hippocampal theta waves induced by forced locomotion was proportional to speed of movement on a treadmill of 6 implanted male Sprague-Dawley rats. Although induction of hippocampal theta waves was related to the initiation of movement, it was not dependent upon proprioceptive feedback because it persisted in the resting S after a bout of running. It was possible to obtain cortical theta waves in the absence of hippocampal theta activity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cardiovascular profile of mixidine fumarate, a compound which attenuates myocardial chronotropic responses

The effect of mixidine fumarate on myocardial chronotropic responses to various stimulants was examined. Mixidine decreased elevated heart rate in the anesthetized dog to basal levels. It produced a dose-related decrease in heart rate elevated reflexly by aminophylline, by beta adrenergic stimulation induced by isoproterenol, by sympathetic nerve stimulation and by intravenous infusion of glucagon. Mixidine attenuated the increase in contractile force produced by sympathetic nerve stimulation but not that induced by isoproterenol. The compound antagonized the increase in rate of isolated guinea-pig atria induced by both isoproterenol and histamine. In the conscious dog, mixidine caused no decrease in resting heart rate, mean arterial pressure and cardiac output. It reduced atropine-induced sinus tachycardia as well as that induced by treadmill exercise. Experiments in the dog heart-lung preparation indicated that attenuation of an epinephrine-induced sinus tachycardia led to a decrease in myocardial oxygen consumption and an increase in myocardial efficiency. These studies suggest that mixidine fumarate induces an antichronotropic activity by a direct effect on the sinoatrial node and by attenuating sympathetic nervous system input to the heart.