Syncillin in bacterial skin diseases

A multicentric open clinical trial was carried out by 8 practising specialists in dermatology or paediatrics in patients with bacterial skin diseases who were subjected to a systemic therapy with Syncillin (=Azidocillin). The Syncillin presentation for adults and schoolchildren was tablets of 750 mg each, and sachets of 125 mg or 250 mg for infants. The duration of treatment was 10 days. The parameters analyzed were bacteriological findings and the clinical course of disease. 71 (=74%) of the 96 patients included in this study were considered as cured, 21 (=22%) as improved and 4 patients (=4%) as unchanged. Bacterial identification was still positive in 10 cases after the termination of treatment. However, this did not preclude the assessments of "cured' (3 cases) or "improved' (7 cases). The tolerance of the preparation was considered as "very good' or "good' in 91 and as "poor' in 5 patients. The most common side effects were nausea and diarrhoea. Exanthema was observed in 2 cases. None of these side effects, however, made a discontinuation of medication necessary. The era of rational and well-directed chemotherapy enables good therapeutic approach also to bacterial skin diseases.     

钻进了野区的路西法

大家在筛选录像的时候会发现，每一场DOTA2比赛都有自己的等级，分为普通、高、非常高三种。比赛的等级是由每个人的Matchmarkingranking数值所决定的，我们简称其为MMR值，与天梯积分有点像。     

Umwandlung von (20S)-20-(Hydroxymethyl)pregna-1,4-dien-3-on in (20S)-20-(p-Toluolsulfonyloxymethyl)pregna-1,5-dien-3β-ol und -3α-ol: Zwischenprodukte für Vitamin D-Derivate

Transformation of (20S)-20-(Hydroxymethyl)pregna-1,4-dien-3-one into (20S)-20-(p-Toluene-sulfonyloxymethyl)pregna-1,5-dien-3β-ol and -3α-ol: Intermediates of Vitamin D Derivatives Efficient three-step approaches to the two 3-epimeric 22-tosylated 1,5-diene-3,22-diols 6 and 7 starting with (20S)-20-(hydroxymethyl)pregna-1,4-dien-3-one ( 1 ) were developed and optimized. Isomerization of 1 to the 1,5-dien-3-one 3 and subsequent tosylation furnished the deconjugated 3-ketone 4 . The 3β-alcohol 6 was available from 4 by means of in situ generated calcium borohydride. Treatment of 4 with lithium trisiamylborohydride (LS-Selectride) afforded the highest yield of the hitherto unknown 3α-epimer 7 . Following the optimized synthesis, 6 and 7 were obtained from 1 in 60 % and 50 % overall yield, respectively.     

Large-area organic photovoltaic module—Fabrication and performance

Here we describe the fabrication of the largest (233 cm² total area) organic photovoltaic (OPV) module (polymer:fullerene) to be certified by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). OPV solar cells were fabricated at Plextronics by spin coating a blend of poly 3-hexylthiophene-2,5 diyl (P3HT) and [6,6] phenyl C₆₁ butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) on top of our hole transport layer (HTL), Plexcore^® OC. In laboratory-scale devices (0.09 cm²), this system routinely exhibits power conversion efficiencies exceeding 3.7%. This P3HT:PCBM active layer and HTL ink system was used to scale up to the larger area module (15.2 cm×15.2 cm module size, i.e. 233 cm² total area; 108 cm² active area), which was certified by NREL as having 1.1% total area efficiency (3.4% active area efficiency).     

High avidity CTLs for two self-antigens demonstrate superior in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy

A majority of the human tumor-associated Ags characterized to date are derived from nonmutated "self"-proteins. Little is currently understood about the nature of the self-reactive lymphocytes that recognize these Ags. We recently characterized two nonmutated tumor-associated Ags for the B16 murine melanoma: tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2) and the endogenous retroviral envelope protein, p15E. We previously reported that both TRP-2 and p15E reactive CTL could be detected in the spleens of naive animals after a single in vitro stimulation using 10(-5)-10(-6) M of the appropriate Kb-binding 9-amino acid epitope. In this report we show that the CTL found in naive animals are low avidity lymphocytes, that respond only to high concentrations of peptide in vitro. We demonstrate that titration of in vitro-stimulating peptide to limiting concentrations distinguishes qualitative differences in the lymphocyte reactivity to these two Ags between vaccinated and unvaccinated animals. We further demonstrate that in vitro expansion of CTL in either high or low concentrations of stimulating peptide generated CTL cultures with different avidities for the relevant epitopes. CTL expanded in low concentrations demonstrated higher avidity for peptide-pulsed targets and better tumor recognition, when compared to CTL generated in the presence of high concentrations of Ag. More importantly, high avidity CTL demonstrated superior in vivo antitumor activity. These results demonstrate that qualitative differences in the CTL that recognize these two self-Ags are critically important to their in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor efficacy.     

A Mg(2+)-dependent endonuclease is responsible for internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in human B lymphoblastic IM9 cells

We have identified a Mg(2+)-dependent endonuclease activity from human B lymphoblastic IM9 cell lysates and nuclei using autodigestion method and DNA-native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (DNA-native-PAGE) nuclease assay system. The level of the endonuclease activity in cell lysates was significantly decreased at certain stage by treatment of the cells with cycloheximide. However, the enzyme activity consistently remained for over 12 hours in the isolated nuclei of the apoptotic IM9 cells. The Mg(2+)-dependent endonuclease isolated from the nuclei by native-PAGE elution was able to catalyze the conversion of supercoiled plasmid DNA into linear form. This particular endonuclease activity was not detected in cycloheximide treated-U937 cells. Several lines of experimental evidence suggest that the Mg(2+)-dependent endonuclease localized in the nucleus may be responsible for the DNA fragmentation of apoptotic IM9 cells.