The human dead ringer/bright homolog, DRIL1: cDNA cloning, gene structure, and mapping to D19S886, a marker on 19p13.3 that is strictly linked to the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

A 2-year trial was conducted to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of heliotherapy for psoriasis. The course and cost of psoriasis of 46 Finnish patients were first closely monitored for 1 year, then the patients received a 4-week supervised heliotherapy treatment in the Canary Islands, Spain, after which they continued to be followed for another year. Heliotherapy dramatically reduced the severity of psoriasis and also seemed to have favourable long-term effects on psoriasis. The mean direct cost of the 4-week heliotherapy for one patient was FIM12,289 (1 Pound = FIM7.0 in 1989). The cost of flights and half-board in Spain formed nearly 60% (FIM7033) of the total cost. In the year preceding heliotherapy, the mean direct annual cost of antipsoriasis therapy was FIM7335 and in the year after FIM5700, a reduction of 22% in annual costs; this change was not statistically significant because there were large variations in costs among patients. The costs of heliotherapy exceeded manyfold the mean monthly cost of conventional psoriasis therapy. There were no overall savings using heliotherapy in those patients suffering mainly from moderately severe psoriasis. Heliotherapy saved costs only in those patients with severe psoriasis that required expensive medication or ward treatment. Although heliotherapy cannot be regarded as an economical treatment for the average patients with psoriasis, it clears psoriasis effectively and is preferred by patients. Thus, heliotherapy constitutes an alternative for patients suffering severe psoriasis.     

钻进了野区的路西法

大家在筛选录像的时候会发现,每一场DOTA2比赛都有自己的等级,分为普通、高、非常高三种。比赛的等级是由每个人的Matchmarkingranking数值所决定的,我们简称其为MMR值,与天梯积分有点像。     

Asplenia syndrome in conjoined twins: a case report

Incomplete fission of the primordial cell mass is generally believed to be the cause of conjoined twinning. It may also explain the tendency towards increased symmetry in these twins. We report a case of the rostral duplication type of conjoined twins with an absence of symmetry; one twin had the asplenia syndrome, whereas the other twin was normal. Local environmental factors acting upon the organ anlage may explain the asymmetric development in these conjoined twins.     

The first dose of a Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine reactivates memory B cells: evidence for extensive clonal selection, intraclonal affinity maturation, and multiple isotype switches to IgA2

The Ab response of a healthy adult to the first dose of a Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide (HibCP) conjugate vaccine was studied at the level of Ig gene usage by circulating Ab-secreting cells. Forty-one IgA and 17 IgG mRNA sequences were obtained. The major part of the response was confined to IgA Ab-secreting cells, and 72% of the IgA sequences were derived from the progeny of a single rearranged B cell. These sequences could be arranged in a genealogical tree showing multiple somatic mutations and at least two intraclonal isotype switches to IgA2. Fourteen somatic mutations were shared by this clonal progeny, indicating that extreme clonal selection had occurred early in the clonal development. Taking into account the frequency of somatic mutations and the clone size, it was evident that the responding cell population must have originated from a mutated, highly selected, and expanded population of cells existing before vaccination, i.e., memory B cells. The dominating heavy and light chains of the response were combined in a Fab that bound HibCP. It was shown that the shared heavy and light chain mutations increased the affinity for HibCP considerably, indicating that the clonal selection had been driven by affinity. Pre-existing memory cells in unvaccinated adults may explain several features of Ab responses to polysaccharide vaccines and may play a role in acquiring the ability to respond to pure polysaccharides during infancy.     

HMG-CoA reductase regulation: use of structurally diverse first half-reaction squalene synthetase inhibitors to characterize the site of mevalonate-derived nonsterol regulator production in cultured IM-9 cells

Neuromuscular disease commonly affects the rearfoot as equinus, equinovarus, and equinovalgus deformity. Spastic hemiplegia caused by stroke, head injury, and cerebral palsy results in equinovarus deformity of the rearfoot. Spastic diplegia, most frequently caused by cerebral palsy, results in equinovalgus rearfoot deformity. Problems in ambulation, footwear, and bracing, as well as their orthopedic management, in patients with neuromuscular disease are discussed in a case-report format.     

B and also T lymphocytes migrate via gut lymph to all lymphoid organs and the gut wall, but only IgA+ cells accumulate in the lamina propria of the intestinal mucosa

In pigs the lymphocytes emigrating from the intestinal wall were collected by cannulating the lymphatics, labeled in vitro using a fluorescent dye and retransfused. The injection of 6.6+/-4.2 x 10(8) cells resulted in a labeling index between 1.5% in intestinal lymph, 0.2% in the spleen and lymph nodes, approximately 0.1% in the intestinal lamina propria and 0.003% in intraepithelial lymphocytes. About 25 % of the injected cells were present in the blood and 1 % was recovered in the lymph. T cells were found in similar proportions in the injected and the recovered cells in the organs (70-80%). The proportion of IgA+ cells among the immigrated cells in the intestinal lamina propria ranged from 5 to 8%, which in absolute numbers was up to 60% of the injected IgA+ cells. T and IgM+ cells did not show a higher accumulation in any organ. These experiments in conventional, unrestrained animals revealed that (1) T cells immigrate into the intestinal lamina propria, (2) preferential migration of IgA+ cells from gut lymph to the intestinal lamina propria is obvious under in vivo conditions and (3) the immigrated IgA+ cells represent a very small population which is difficult to detect when analyzed in relative numbers.