Lifestyle factors and prostate cancer risk: a case-control study in Sweden

We examined associations between lifestyle factors and subsequent risk of prostate cancer in a population-based case-control study. Information on smoking and alcohol habits, socioeconomic factors, marital status, family history, and sexual habits were obtained from a questionnaire and a face-to-face interview with 256 (74.6%) eligible patients and 252 (76.6%) selected controls, frequency matched by age and screened for prostate cancer with negative findings. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs). Risk was elevated among current smokers of cigarettes (OR, 1.8) and current users of hard liquor (OR, 1.4); however, the lack of dose-response trend for both of these exposures argues against a causal association. We found tentative evidence that early first intercourse, a larger number of sexual partners, and other indices of high sexual activity are associated with increased risk. Similarly, adult height, an indicator of nutrition during childhood and adolescence, was weakly positively associated with risk, although larger studies are needed to establish this link. Unmarried men had a lower risk than married men (OR, 0.3), and socioeconomic status did not appear to be strongly associated with prostate cancer. Men with a father who had prostate cancer had a more than 2-fold increased risk of prostate cancer, whereas those with a brother affected had about a 5-folk risk.     

Ventilation/carbon dioxide production ratio in early exercise predicts poor functional capacity in congestive heart failure

Production of cytokines by immunocompetent cells in vitro may be assessed after stimulation with polyclonal activators. Because it mimics the natural environment, diluted whole blood (WB) culture may be the most appropriate milieu in which to study cytokine production in vitro. We tested TNF alpha production by small volume of whole blood (25 microliters) from HIV-1 positive patients by using a one-step procedure that combines WB stimulation with LPS and PHA and cytokine measurement. We studied 30 patients without secondary infection or at distance of secondary infection staged according to the classification proposed by the CDC and 12 healthy seronegative subjects. The mean values of TNF alpha from patients were not statistically different from those from normal controls however in certain patients at different stages of the disease higher values than the mean +2 SD of controls and lower values than the mean -2 SD of controls were obtained. Heparinized blood from 5 control subjects had been collected sequentially during a period of 5 months. The individual variation of TNF alpha production were limited for all these individuals. For each of 6 HIV-1 patients, whole blood samples were collected sequentially during a period of 5 months and in most of patients large variations of levels of TNF alpha were observed from one sample to another one. Our method can detect abnormal cytokine production in HIV-1 positive individuals and can become a useful tool to investigate the role of cytokines in the outcome of HIV-1 infection.     

SEPARATION OF STEROLS AND TRITERPENE ALCOHOLS FROM UNSAPONIFIABLE FRACTIONS OF THREE PLANT SEED OILS

Preparative HPLC was used to separate sterols and triterpene alcohols from the unsaponifiable matters in plant oils from Camellia weiningensis L., Brassica juncea L. and Microula sikkimensis . The isolated sterols and triterpene alcohols were acetylated and further purified by AgNO₃ impregnated silica gel preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC). The isolated acetyl derivatives of sterols and triterpene alcohols were identified by melting point, specific rotation, infrared and mass spectrometry. The sterols were brassicasterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and Θ⁵-avenasterol, Θ⁷-avenasterol, Θ⁷-stigmastenol and α-spinasterol. The triterpene alcohols were cycloartanol, cycloartenol, 24-methylenecycloartanol, cyclobranol, dammaradienol, tirucalla-7,24-dienol, butyrospermol, β-amyrin, germanicol, α-4-taraxasterol and lupeol.     

一种并行工程约束分解方法

在并行工程产品开发过程中,往往按照问题的结构特点将较大规模的问题分解成一些子问题,并希望通过求解子问题来获得原问题的解。实际中,分解得到的子问题之间往往不是完全独立的,一般的简单分解方法只能有限地降低求解难度和简化问题规模。如何进一步分解各个子问题间的关系,使各个子问题的设计结果不但满足原问题的总体要求而且还能由此获得优化的总体设计结果是一个重要问题。该文给出了分解的意义,提出了基于约束的优化分解方法。     

淀粉制取高吸水树脂的研究

利用淀粉为原料,与丙烯酸接枝共聚制备了高吸水性树脂,考察了糊化温度、聚合反应时间、丙烯酸单体中和度等因素对接枝产物吸水性能的影响,并比较了吸自来水、蒸馏水及盐水情况。     

静态时序分析及其在IC设计中的应用

讨论了静态时序分析算法及其在IC设计中的应用。首先,文章讨论了静态时序分析中的伪路径问题以及路径敏化算法,分析了影响逻辑门和互连线延时的因素。最后通过一个完整的IC设计流程介绍了静态时序分析的应用。     

福建省岩土与基础工程现状与展望

1 岩土与基础工程的现状 福建省地处我国东南沿海主要分布有软土地基区域和山区坡残积土、风化岩地基，地基工程特性极不稳定地层，结构复杂，因此给广大岩土与基础工程技术人员提出了许多新的课题，也因此带动我省岩土与基础工程领域不断向前发展。20多年来，特别是近十年来我省岩土与基础工程技术发展迅猛，从岩土的勘探与测试，天然地基利用和山地地基的开发利用，桩基技术，地基处理技术，基坑与边坡支护技术、检测与监测技术等方面，取得了显著的成绩和突破性的进展，具体表现在：     

树立科学发展观 建立城市综合防灾减灾体系

近年来，随着城市规模的不断扩大，城市的综合防灾减灾能力逐渐体现出许多不适应，一些城市在一次灾害下就导致城市的部分功能瘫痪、生命财产损失．生产生活受挫等等，目前，城市防灾减灾已成为世界性的难题。2005年10月2日福州百年一遇的台风龙王引发的特大暴雨，造成市区内涝，市区及城郊的部分交通、供水、供电系统瘫痪，给人民生活带来了很大的影响。造成这次洪涝灾害的主要原因有：预警信息系统不够健全，不够畅通；防涝排涝运行系统尚不健全、标准不高；防灾减灾规划不够完善；整体应急体系欠完备等。随着城市建设的发展，经济越发展，灾害所造成的损失越大。     

大气气溶胶中有机氮和无机氮的测试方法及应用

选用元素分析仪测定大气气溶胶样品中的总氮含量,并使用总有机碳分析仪和离子色谱仪分别获得水溶性总氮和水溶性无机氮组分的含量;在此基础之上,通过相差法获得气溶胶中的水溶性有机氮和非水溶性氮组分含量;对本方法的精确度和准确度进行评估,及使用此方法对西安市大气细颗粒物PM2.5中含氮组分的进一步分析。结果表明,本方法能够系统准确地测试大气气溶胶中的多种含氮组分含量,可操作性强。