VOLATILE NITROGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS GENERATED FROM MAILLARD REACTIONS UNDER SIMULATED DEEP-FAT FRYING CONDITIONS

A total of 29 volatile nitrogen-containing compounds were identified from model systems containing glutamine, glutamic acid, asparagine and aspartic acid, respectively, with glucose under simulated deep-fat frying conditions in corn oil. Alkylpyrazines were the most important flavor compound generated. Glutamine, which released free ammonia easily under this condition gave the highest yield of alkylpyrazines. The profiles of pyrazines produced by each amino acid were significantly different. In a glutamine system, 2-(2-furyl)pyrazine, 2-(2-furyl)- 5-methylpyrazine and 2-(2-furyl)-6-methylpyrazine were the major compounds generated.     

Dried Soy Tofu Powder Effects on Frankfurters and Pork Sausage Patties

Regular frankfurters treated with tofu powder had decreased fat with no significant differences in color, texture, or overall acceptability compared to a control by sensory analysis. Lean frankfurters with tofu powder had lower moisture and color, better texture, and overall acceptability with no flavor differences from controls. Except for fracturability, there were no differences in texture-related parameters by Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) between regular and control frankfurters but treated lean frankfurters had improved texture. Lean pork sausages treated with tofu powder were lower in fat, higher in protein, and moisture with no differences in sensory attributes compared to controls.     

Gonadoblastoma: clinicopathologic correlation in six patients

Six patients with a total of nine gonadoblastomas are presented; three--and possibly a fourth--had dysgerminomatous overgrowth which was massive in two patients. Calcification detected by abdominal films was present in three sufficient for preoperative diagnosis. All patients were found to have a Y stem line on peripheral leukocyte chromosome cultures except one patient, who had a 46 XX/45 XO karyotype. She was found to have Y chromatin bodies in the germ cells of her tumor which was in a normal ovary found at exploration for an ectopic pregnancy. Three were found in virilized phenotypic females investigated for amenorrhea, and two for therapy of pelvic masses due to dysgerminomatous overgrowth. Y chromatin studies are reported on gonadal tissue.     

RTCr2低铬耐热铸铁的熔炼工艺

介绍了低铬耐热铸铁（RTcr2）的生产过程，用1.5t／h冲天炉和选择化学成分为：ω（cr）1.5％-1.8％，ω（C）3.0％～3.3％，ω（Si）2.0％～2.5％，ω（Mn）≤0.8％，ω（P）、ω（S）≤0.10％的铁液，生产现场严格控制底焦高度、铬铁块度，石灰石加入量等，生产的耐热铸铁完全满足了产品的各项性能要求。     

Adaptive characterization of recrystallization kinetics in IF steel by electron backscatter diffraction

In this study, a rigorous methodology for quantifying recrystallization kinetics by electron backscatter diffraction is proposed in order to reduce errors associated with the operator's skill. An adaptive criterion to determine adjustable grain orientation spread depending on the recrystallization stage is proposed to better identify the recrystallized grains in the partially recrystallized microstructure. The proposed method was applied in characterizing the microstructure evolution during annealing of interstitial‐free steel cold rolled to low and high true strain levels of 0.7 and 1.6, respectively. The recrystallization kinetics determined by the proposed method was found to be consistent with the standard method of Vickers microhardness. The application of the proposed method to the overall recrystallization stages showed that it can be used for the rigorous characterization of progressive microstructure evolution, especially for the severely deformed material.     

矿区村民视角下矿业生产环境保护现状分析——基于吉林省L县的实证分析

本文以吉林省L县矿业生产为例,研究了矿区村民视角下矿业生产导致的环境污染现状,并对矿业生产中村民、政府和矿业企业之间的经济和环境关系进行了分析。研究结果表明,从村民视角来看矿业生产活动给矿区村民的生活环境造成了严重污染,主要集中在交通、卫生、安全、休息等方面;矿业生产中地方政府和矿企之间的地方保护主义为矿企的发展提供了便利。矿区村民在利益博弈中处于劣势,获得最少的经济效益并承担了环境恶化的后果,但当环境问题和经济利益发生冲突时,村民依然选择了向经济利益妥协。当环境纠纷发生时,村民一般的处理方式为个人出面或者是集体抗议,很少有村民采取依靠政府或者是法律途径来维护自己的合法权益。基于以上结论本文提出相关的建议,以期为治理矿业生产导致的环境问题献计献策。     

Lifestyle factors and prostate cancer risk: a case-control study in Sweden

We examined associations between lifestyle factors and subsequent risk of prostate cancer in a population-based case-control study. Information on smoking and alcohol habits, socioeconomic factors, marital status, family history, and sexual habits were obtained from a questionnaire and a face-to-face interview with 256 (74.6%) eligible patients and 252 (76.6%) selected controls, frequency matched by age and screened for prostate cancer with negative findings. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs). Risk was elevated among current smokers of cigarettes (OR, 1.8) and current users of hard liquor (OR, 1.4); however, the lack of dose-response trend for both of these exposures argues against a causal association. We found tentative evidence that early first intercourse, a larger number of sexual partners, and other indices of high sexual activity are associated with increased risk. Similarly, adult height, an indicator of nutrition during childhood and adolescence, was weakly positively associated with risk, although larger studies are needed to establish this link. Unmarried men had a lower risk than married men (OR, 0.3), and socioeconomic status did not appear to be strongly associated with prostate cancer. Men with a father who had prostate cancer had a more than 2-fold increased risk of prostate cancer, whereas those with a brother affected had about a 5-folk risk.