Storage Stability of Vacuum Packaged Frozen Pork Sausage Containing Soy Protein Concentrate, Carrageenan or Antioxidants

Fresh pork sausage patties containing carrageenan, without or with soy protein and an antioxidant were packaged with or without vacuum. They were evaluated for sensory properties, visual color, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and Hunter color ‘L’, ‘a’, ‘b’ values at 4-wk intervals during 16 wk frozen storage. Rosemary extract was as effective as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)/propyl gallate (PG)/citric acid (CA) in antioxidant properties, but patties with BHT/PG/CA showed less surface discoloration (P < 0.05). In fat-control (FC) products, antioxidants combined with vacuum packaging provided optimum protection against rancidity. With vacuum packaging (VP), reduced-fat products maintained acceptable quality (TBARS and sensory properties) during 16 wks frozen storage.     

PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF CHUNGKOOKJANG (KOREAN TRADITIONAL SOYBEAN PASTE) PILL AS A FUNCTIONAL FOOD

Chungkookjang, Chungkookjang pill and mushroom (Lentinus edodes) had fibrinolytic activities. The mushroom had a higher level of fibrinolytic activity (15.1 unit/mg) than Chungkookjang pill (10.0 unit/mg) and Chungkookjang (0.6 unit/mg) in spite of heat treatment. Hot‐water extracts of Chungkookjang and Chungkookjang pill showed slightly higher macrophage‐stimulating activities than the positive control, lipopolysaccharide. Also, Chungkookjang pill (3.58 µg/g) had lower cyclo‐His‐Pro content than Chungkookjang (26.5 µg/g). In addition, Chungkookjang pill had less content of flavor components than Chungkookjang and, especially, the 2,5‐dimethylpyrazine content of Chungkookjang pill was less than that of Chungkookjang. When comparing with Chungkookjang, Chungkookjang pill had similar physiological activities and more palatable flavor.     

PURIFICATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF WHITE KIDNEY BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS)β-AMYLASE INHIBITORS FROM TWO EXPERIMENTAL CULTIVARS

β-Amylase inhibitors WKB 858B and WKB 858B were purified to homogeneity from different cultivars of white kidney beans by extraction from the ground beans and by sequential heat treatment, ethanol fractionation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography and CM-cellulose chromatography. The inhibitors were homogeneous by 7.5% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; no isoinhibitors were found. Inhibitors WKB 858A and WKB 858B had isoelectric points of 5.0 and 4.65, respectively, and molecular weights of 42,000 and 20,000, respectively, by FPLC Superose 12 gel filtration chromatography. Inhibitor WKB 858A had molecular weights of 40,000 and 38,000 by Sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography and by native gel electrophoresis, respectively. Inhibitor WKB 858A contained 11.0% carbohydrate, N-linked to asparagine residues, with a composition of 1 fucose, 1 xylose, 4 galactose, 8 N-acetylglycosamine and 13 mannose residues per mol of inhibitor. Amino acid analysis of Inhibitor WKB 858A gave a high content of Asx, Glx, Ser, Thr and Val (combined total of 60% molar ratio) and low content of sulfur amino acids (0.8% molar ratio of Met and no 1/2 cystine). No-SH groups were found. The amino acid composition was similar to that of eight other a-amylase inhibitors from beans. Inhibitor WKB 858A formed a 1:1 stoichiometric complex with porcine pancreatic a-amylase with a Ki of 1.0 × 10^?11 M at pH 5.4 and 30C; it had no trypsin inhibitory activity. At pH 6.90 and 30C, the rate of complex formation between Inhibitor WKB 858A and porcine pancreatic β-amylase was 2.76 times faster at 1.385 vs 0.035 ionic strength (with Na₂SO₄), indicating hydrophobic bonds are most important in complex formation.     

“方凿圆枘”或“量体裁衣”——建构新加坡国立大学建筑系卓越设计体系

以新加坡国立大学建筑系为例,概述了在研究型大学中设计师资建设中产生的各种问题、新加坡国立大学教职的3种聘任轨道,以及这些轨道如何帮助新加坡国立大学建筑系聘任和培养不同的人才.     

A short episode of seizure activity protects from status epilepticus-induced neuronal damage in rat brain

Kainic acid (KA)-induced status epilepticus (SE) in adult rats results in extensive neuronal damage throughout the limbic system and the loss of selectively vulnerable neuronal populations, particularly CA3 neurons. We investigated the effects of a short episode of seizure activity on neuronal death elicited by a subsequent prolonged SE episode. A short episode of seizure activity was produced by sub-cutaneous (s.c.) injection of KA followed after 1 h by pentobarbital administration. Twenty-four hours later, KA was administered again, and animals were sacrificed 3 days later. Neuronal damage was estimated by visual analysis of neuronal density. Our results show that a short episode of seizure activity did not produce neuronal damage but almost completely protected vulnerable neurons from KA-induced neuronal damage. These results extend to epileptic tolerance the notion of tolerance previously described in the case of ischemia.