Simultaneous degradation of atrazine and simazine by a binary culture of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Arthrobacter sp. in a two‐stage biofilm reactor

BACKGROUND: The impact of mixtures of chloro‐triazinic herbicides, such as atrazine and simazine, on aquatic ecosystems is of environmental concern. To study their biodegradation under various operational conditions, a binary community comprising Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Arthrobacter sp. attached to the porous support of a packed bed reactor, was evaluated. RESULTS: The genetic analysis of the two atrazine‐degrading strains revealed that genes atzA, atzB, atzC are present in both bacteria, but only S. maltophilia possess atzD. Thus, by cultivating Arthrobacter sp. on these herbicides, cyanuric acid accumulation was observed. When the binary community was cultivated in the biofilm reactor, at all the loading rates probed, both herbicides were entirely removed. However, complete biodegradation of cyanuric acid was not achieved. CONCLUSIONS: Even with a two‐stage reactor, cyanuric acid was only partially removed. This fact could be attributed to the absence, in the second stage, of an easily degradable energy source, required by S. maltophilia for the uptake and cometabolic degradation of the recalcitrant heterocyclic ring. Responding to differences in nutritional conditions prevailing at each reactor stage, local differences in species' predominance were clearly detected by microbiological and molecular biology methods. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

简易法鉴定橡胶类型

介绍了简易法鉴定橡胶类型的原理，实用性和适用范围。     

采用堇青石改善陶瓷手模热稳定性的研究

研究了加入不同比例的合成堇青石原料对陶瓷手模坯料烧成后物理性能的影响,探讨了采用堇青石来降低陶瓷手模坯料热膨胀系数、提高产品热稳定性的可行性.加入20～30wt％堇青石可使产品的热稳定性从250℃提高到420℃.     

The Feasibility of Immobilization of Bioflocculant-producing Bacteria Using Mycelial Pellets as Biomass Carriers

Bioflocculant-producing bacteria Agrobacterium tumefaciens F2 and Bacillus sphaeicus F6 were immobilized onto mycelial pellets to investigate the bioflocculant-producing potential of this combined organism and the corresponding flocculating efficiency. The atomic force microscope (AFM) images of mycelial surface indicate that the mycelia pellet can immobilize bioflocculant-producing bacteria F2 and F6 as a biomass carrier. The flocculating efficiency of bioflocculant produced by this combined organism was studied under the optimum flocculating conditions obtained by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The fermentation yield of the combined mycelial pellet is about 2.6 g/L, which is higher than that of the free bacteria (only 2.2 g/L). Flocculating efficiency of the combined mycelial pellet was comparable with that of bioflocculant generated by the free bacteria. The bioflocculant yield is enhanced and the flocculating efficiency of the co-culture is uninfluenced after immobilized with mycelial pellet as a carrier. In conclusion, the mycelial pellet is feasible as a biomass carrier for the immobilization of bioflocculant-producing bacteria.     

基于BP神经网络的产絮菌发酵参数的优化

为优化对产絮菌克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella. sp.)的发酵参数,首先用正交实验量化絮凝菌发酵参数对絮凝率和产率的影响度,确定温度、摇床转数、pH 3个影响度较高的发酵参数作为神经网络的输入,絮凝率和产率为输出,同时设计了训练样本．经过反复训练,建立了准确度高、误差小的预测模型,并利用该模型实现发酵参数双指标的全局优化,其最优发酵条件为温度33 ℃、摇床转数141 r／min、pH 7.90,经验证此条件下实际絮凝率和产率分别为92.67％和2.180 9 g／L,絮凝率提高了4.08％,产率提高了14.36％,使生物絮凝剂产量低的问题得以初步改善．利用所建立模型预测生物絮凝菌F+在发酵罐中的发酵过程,仿真误差较小．     

模具污垢与清洗

本文介绍了模具污染因素、污垢成份和四种清洗方法。     

灰色关联分析和多元二次非线性回归分析模型研究及应用

基于大庆油田采油二厂压裂措施资料,运用灰色关联分析方法选取对裂缝导流能力影响较大的因素,然后运用多元二次回归分析做进一步的定量研究,并与DPS系统的分析结果进行对比。结果表明,灰色关联分析可以较好的得到与裂缝导流能力关系密切的因素,回归分析可以得出因素间的具体定量关系,且回归分析计算的精度较高,多元二次回归分析和DPS平均拟合误差分别为0.940%、0.916%,预测平均误差分别为1.850%、1.831%,研究为油田开发动态数据规律研究提供了有效的方法。     

Experimental analyses of the poly(vinyl chloride) foams' mechanical anisotropic behavior

Assessing a full set of mechanical properties is a rather complicate task in the case of foams, especially if material models must be calibrated with these results. Many issues, for example anisotropy and heterogeneity, influence the mechanical behavior. This article shows through experimental analyses how the microstructure affects different experimental setups and it also quantifies the degree of anisotropy of a poly(vinyl chloride) foam. Monotonic and cyclic experimental tests were carried out using standard compression specimens and non‐standard tensile specimens. Results are complemented and compared with the aid of a digital image correlation technique and scanning electron microscopy analyses. Mechanical properties (e.g., elastic and plastic Poisson's ratios) are evaluated for compression and tensile tests, for two different material directions (normal and in‐plane). The material is found to be transversely isotropic. Differences in the results of the mechanical properties can be as high as 100%, or even more depending on the technique used and the loading direction. Also, the experimental analyses show how the material's microstructure behavior, like the evolution of the herein identified “yield fronts” and a “spring back” phenomenon, can influence the phenomenological response and the failure mechanisms as well as the hardening curves. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

High molecular weight poly(butylene terephthalate-co-butylene 2,5-furan dicarboxylate) copolyesters: From synthesis to thermomechanical and barrier properties

Poly(butylene terephthalate-co-butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) copolyesters (PBTFs) were synthesized from 1,4-butanediol, dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) by a two-step polymerization method. Their chemical structures were confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance before thermal properties were explored with differential scanning calorimeter and thermogravimetric analyzer. Results showed that PBTFs changed from semi-crystalline to completely amorphous when the content of FDCA unit was increased to 45 mol% at first, and then became crystallographic again with the further increment of FDCA unit to 75 mol%. For their mechanical properties, the tensile modulus and strength showed the similar trend, decreasing firstly and then increasing later. Their barrier to carbon dioxide and oxygen became better with the increasing of furan content due to the rigidity and higher polarity of furan ring. The performance of PBTFs copolyesters was investigated clearly, and the relative content of FDCA and DMT can be adjusted to satisfy different performance requirements.     

Dynamic Stabilization of DNA Assembly by Using Pyrrole-Imidazole Polyamide

We used N-methylpyrrole (Py)-N-methylimidazole-(Im) polyamide as an exogenous agent to modulate the formation of DNA assemblies at specific double-stranded sequences. The concept was demonstrated on the hybridization chain reaction that forms linear DNA. Through a series of melting curve analyses, we demonstrated that the binding of Py−Im polyamide positively influenced both the HCR initiation and elongation steps. In particular, Py−Im polyamide was found to drastically stabilize the DNA duplex such that its thermal stability approached that of an equivalent hairpin structure. Also, the polyamide served as an anchor between hairpin pairs in the HCR assembly, thus improving the originally weak interstrand stability. We hope that these proof-of-concept results can inspire future use of Py−Im polyamide as a molecular tool to modulate the formation of DNA assemblies.