核事故后果评价研究进展

回顾了国内外在核事故后果评价领域开展的概率风险评价、实时后果评价、事故后的后果评价技术与方法研究的发展历程,对后果评价研究在大气弥散模型的要求与发展、利用环境监测数据估算源项、食物链模型与事故季节性、剂量估算与防护措施、核与辐射突发事件（小尺度）响应、决策支持技术以及放射性物质长距离迁移问题等方面进行了讨论与分析。近年来,随着我国核能事业的迅猛发展,需要加强和发展核事故与突发事件的后果评价和应急响应技术。     

Use of Soy Protein and Microbial Transglutaminase as a Binder in Low-sodium Restructured Meats

ABSTRACT: Pork sticks were prepared by mixing pork chucks with various amounts of bisulfite-treated soy protein and microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) to evaluate the potential of using soy protein as meat binders. According to tensile strength, the favorable conditions for binding the restructured pork chunks were 5% soy protein containing 0.2% NaHSO₃ and 20 unit MTGase/g, and the setting condition was 60 min at 40°C. The tensile strength and cooking yield of restructured pork sticks made with bisulfite-treated soy protein and MTGase were much higher than those of using salt, suggesting the high potential of using soy protein and MTGase as binders in products where NaCl reduction is desired.     

基于SEA的潜射反舰导弹作战效能分析

在考虑作战双方的对抗以及战场环境影响的情况下,运用系统有效性分析(System Effec- tiveness Analysis,SEA)方法,将潜射反舰导弹的系统属性、作战环境和任务使命三要素结合起来,建立了潜射反舰导弹的效能评估模型,给出了基于战场环境下的动态作战效能评估方法,避免了以往静态效能评估和动态评估的局限性,使作战效能评估结果更加接近真实情况,对潜射反舰导弹作战效能的提高有一定的指导意义。     

Quantification of non-homogeneity from ocean remote-sensing images using two-dimensional continuous wavelet transforms

In this study, a two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform is applied to quantify the non-homogeneity from remote-sensing wave images. Our study shows that the non-homogeneity index, which is proposed here, is capable of identifying the degree of non-homogeneity from the wave-field images. However, the influence from the edges of the wave-field image should be considered in analysis. The calculated results from the simulated wave fields and from the natural wave-field images reveal that the non-homogeneity index is influenced by the bathymetry inside the area of the ocean-wave image. It conforms to the character of the natural wave non-homogeneity. After discussing the wave characteristics from the wave-field image with a high non-homogeneity index, an inhomogeneous algorithm is recommended for obtaining accurate and reasonable wave results from the wave image.     

Effects of deposition and annealing conditions on the defects in the Al/glass composites of TFT specimens

Al/glass specimens are prepared following the orthogonal table of five-level six-factorial (L₂₅(5⁶)) design. The governing factors for the preparation of the specimens are deposition conditions, annealing temperature and annealing time. Defects, including hillocks and nanovoids, are found to be created during the annealing process. The threshold value of the annealing stress (σ _an ) required for the incipience of hillocks is thus determined. The stress change parameter, σ _f –σ _an (σ _f :internal stress after annealing), is a positive value that increases linearly with σ _an . The density of hillocks increases linearly with (σ _f –σ _an ) when the value of the stress change parameter is beyond the critical value (130 MPa). Nanovoids are produced even in specimens without hillocks. The wedge angle that forms in a specimen after wet etching linearly decreases with decreasing (σ _f –σ _an ). A high wedge angle lowers the hillock density at the wedge slope. The electrical resistance of the gate layer linearly increases with increasing product value (R*) of the mean size (area) and the density of nanovoids. R* increases nonlinearly with increasing (σ _f –σ _an ).     

Security management of mutually trusted domains through cooperation of defensive technologies

A number of defensive technologies have been proposed for the prevention of security threats. However, these defensive technologies are implemented independently without cooperation among various network domains. In this paper, different administrative networks are leagued to form a federative network environment called a trusted domain. From the perspective of a network manager, there is a need to integrate diverse technologies into an effective defensive system among mutually trusted domains. An imperative task for security management is to put in place a shared defensive mechanism, or protective shield, for multiple domains. A cooperative approach to provide such a shared defensive system is presented with integration of both intra‐domain and inter‐domain defensive mechanisms. The simulation results show that, through sharing the defensive information, the firewall system can successfully detect and filter the repeated intrusions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Impact of preanneal process on threshold voltage of MOS transistors for trench DRAM

As the first step of DRAM manufacture, preanneal process plays an important role in determining the threshold voltage variation. It is found that the higher trans-1,2-dichloroethene flow in pad oxide growth and the higher nitrogen flow in high-temperature annealing step would respectively engender a lower boron segregation coefficient and higher nitridation of the oxide, both modify the boron distribution in the substrate and consequently the behavior of the threshold voltage. As the feature size of DRAM devices enter nanometer regime, besides gate oxidation, ion implantation and related thermal processes, the impact of preanneal process condition should be prudentially taken into consideration for rigorous control of the threshold voltage in the advanced DRAM production.     

A study of diffusion in poly(ethyleneglycol)-gelatin based semi-interpenetrating networks for use in wound healing

Semi-interpenetrating networks (sIPNs) designed to mimic extracellular matrix via covalent crosslinking of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate in the presence of gelatin have been shown to aid in wound healing, particularly when loaded with soluble factors. Ideal systems for tissue repair permit an effective release of therapeutic agents and flow of nutrients to proliferating cells. Appropriate network characterization can, consequently, be used to convey an understanding of the mass transfer kinetics necessary for materials to aid in the wound healing process. Solute transport from and through sIPNs has not yet been thoroughly evaluated. In the current study, the diffusivity of growth factors and nutrients through the polymeric system was determined. Transport of keratinocyte growth factor was modeled by treating the sIPN as a plane sheet into which the protein was loaded. The diffusion coefficient was determined to be 4.86 × 10⁻⁹ ± 1.86 × 10⁻¹² cm²/s. Glucose transport was modeled as flow through a semi-permeable membrane. Using lag-time analysis, the diffusion coefficient was calculated to be 2.25 × 10⁻⁶ ± 1.98 × 10⁻⁷ cm²/s. The results were evaluated in conjunction with previous studies on controlled drug release from sIPNs. As expected from Einstein-Stokes equation, diffusivity decreased as molecular size increased. The results offer insight into the structure-function design paradigm and show that release from the polymeric system is diffusion controlled, rather than dissolution controlled.     

A thin multi-ring negative liquid crystal lens enabled by high-�� dielectric material

This study is dedicated to design an liquid crystal (LC) negative lens with unequal width electrodes, which is made for a camera lens and with the aim to replace conventional negative lenses. The structure of the LC negative lens is symmetric for producing a symmetrical electric field. The unequal widths are adopted and determined inversely proportional to the slopes of the desired applied voltages at varied radial positions. There are four ring electrodes in the lens and the associated with applied different voltages. In addition, the performance of the designed LC lens is verified by the software DIMOS.2D. The special structure and the material are used to realize the designed LC lens. Moreover, a new fabrication process in the wafer level to bury bus lines is developed in order to smooth the generated electric field distribution. In addition, a high-?? dielectric layer is coated between the electrodes and the LC layer for minimizing required applied voltage. Finally, differential effects of the LC lens structure with high-?? and without high-?? are discussed based on simulation results.