Effects of replacing pork back fat with vegetable oils and rice bran fiber on the quality of reduced-fat frankfurters

The effects of substituting olive, grape seed, corn, canola, or soybean oil and rice bran fiber on the chemical composition, cooking characteristics, fatty acid composition, and sensory properties of low-fat frankfurters were investigated. Ten percent of the total fat content of frankfurters with a total fat content of 30% (control) was partially replaced by one of the vegetable oils to reduce the pork fat content by 10%. The moisture and ash content of low-fat frankfurters with vegetable oil and rice bran fiber were all higher than the control (P < 0.05). Low-fat frankfurters had reduced-fat content, energy values, cholesterol and trans-fat levels, and increased pH, cooking yield and TBA values compared to the controls (P < 0.05). Low-fat frankfurters with reduced-fat content plus rice bran fiber had sensory properties similar to control frankfurters containing pork fat.     

Simultaneous determination of 10 mycotoxins in grain by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using ¹³C₁₅-deoxynivalenol as internal standard

An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of 10 mycotoxins in grain was developed. The selected mycotoxins were: deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenon X, moniliformin, zearalenone, zearalanone, ochratoxin A and ochratoxin B. The samples were extracted with aqueous acetonitrile (84 : 16, v/v) and purified by reliable laboratory-made mixed cartridges. The analytes were separated on an Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) and eluted with a mobile phase of water containing 0.2% aqueous ammonia and acetonitrile/methanol (90 : 10, v/v). All mycotoxins were detected with a Waters Micromass Quattro Ultima Pt tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in negative electrospray ionization using multiple reaction monitoring mode. Accurate determination was achieved by employing commercial 13C??-deoxynivalenol as internal standard, which compensated for target loss and eliminated matrix effects. The established method was further validated by determining the linearity (R2 > 0.9990), average recovery (75.8-106.5%), sensitivity (limit of quantitation 0.09-8.48 μg kg?1) and precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 6.9%). It was shown to be a suitable method for simultaneous determination of 10 mycotoxins in grain. Finally, a total of 69 corn samples randomly collected from eastern and northern China were analyzed. The results showed that deoxynivalenol was the most frequently detected contaminant, whilst 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, nivalenol, zearalenone, zearalanone, fusarenon X and moniliformin also occurred frequently. Ochratoxin A and ochratoxin B were present only in trace amounts in a small number of samples.     

甘蓝型油菜DH植株创建及其倍性的流式鉴定

以甘蓝型油菜大粒品系和小粒品系的小孢子为试验材料,研究取样时期、花蕾大小、培养基类型及添加成分对小孢子产胚率的影响,利用流式细胞仪对小孢子再生植株及加倍植株进行了准确、快速的倍性分析。结果表明,始花期为最佳取蕾时期,花蕾大小在2.5~3.5mm为宜,培养基以液体培养基最好。培养基中加入0.1mg/L6-BA可以促进小孢子胚的发生,而活性炭对小孢子培养没有明显的促进作用。流式细胞仪倍性检测显示小孢子再生植株加倍后的双单倍体（doubled haploid,DH）占49%,还存在少量的三倍体（11.3%）、四倍体（1.1%）及嵌合体（27.3%）植株。本研究为油菜材料的快速纯合及其DH系群体的构建等提供了新的经验。     

发酵灵芝粉水提物清除自由基活性及酶解水提法的研究

比较了发酵灵芝粉水提物中几种组分的抗羟基自由基活性 ,相对分子质量 <1万的化合物活性优于相对分子质量 >1万的化合物 ,小肽的活性更好。采用酶解水浸提法可提高水提物的抗羟基自由基活性和得率。酶解的适宜条件为 :4 5℃ ,自然 pH(5 5) ,料液比 1∶10 ,同时加入 2 %的木瓜蛋白酶和 2 %的纤维素酶 ,酶解 2h     

原生质体融合选育L-亮氨酸高产菌的研究

以黄色短杆菌TQ5 35 1(Met- +Ile- + 2 TAr+SGr)和TQ5 35 6(Met- +Ile- +α ABr+ β HLr)为亲株 ,采用原生质体融合技术 ,定向选育出一株L 亮氨酸高产菌TQ980 6(Met- +IleL + 2 TAr+SGr+α ABr+ β HLr) ,该菌株经 5L罐分批发酵 64h产L 亮氨酸2 2 7g/L。     

肉类风味的研究

本文介绍了有关肉风味形成的前驱性物质,概述肉味形成和Maillard反应,类脂类物质的热降解,氨基酸和肽的热降解以及糖类物质的降解反应的关系,并且着重介绍了多种肉香挥发性化合物。     

接装纸中汞、砷、铅等8种元素的分析研究

本文利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES法)同时测定接装纸样品中铅、铜、镉、铬、锡、锑元素含量,汞、砷元素含量采用冷原子吸收光谱法和银盐法测定.结果表明接装纸样品中锡元素含量最高,铜次之,汞、砷、铅相比,砷元素含量较高,部分样品中砷、铅元素含量超出食品包装用纸的最高限量标准.采用ICP-AES法同时测定接装纸6种元素,操作简便,重复性好,回收率高.此外,本文还对接装纸荧光物质和脱色程度进行了测定分析,从随机抽检的47份国产、进口接装纸样品看,进口白色接装纸无荧光,国产白色接装纸有荧光,珠光色接装纸个别有荧光,纸边为白色的接装纸荧光程度不一.脱色试验表明,进口接装纸,国产印刷型接装纸、珠光纸不脱色,涂布型接装纸均有不同程度的脱色.     

低酸食品罐头理论杀菌规程的研究

为正确制定低酸食品罐头杀菌规程,根据美国FDA要求,必须采用腐败微生物芽孢耐热性测试、热传导测试及实罐接种杀菌试验,才能科学地决定杀菌规程。本文对10种低酸食品罐头进行了研究,得到一系列有关参数,为科学地合理地制定杀菌规程提供了必要的依据。     

广东省阳江和台山核电站辐射环境现场监督性监测系统各个监测子站的运行维护

介绍了广东省环境辐射监测中心对阳江核电站和台山核电站辐射环境现场监督性监测系统各个监测子站运行维护情况,提出监测子站运行维护过程中存在的相关问题,以及对监测子站升级改造和选址建设的建议。     

藏药蕨麻的营养成分分析及评价

进行了蕨麻的常规营养成分及无机微量元素、氨基酸和维生素的分析研究,并与甘薯、马铃薯、芋头、藕粉进行了比较.结果表明,蕨麻的粗蛋白为9.45%,粗脂肪为1.15%,膳食纤维为15.23%,在蕨麻所含的17种氨基酸中,天门冬氨酸占氨基酸总量的14.45%,谷氨酸占13.16%,此外还含有丰富的钙、铜、铁、锌、硒、锗及VC、VNB2、VB6和叶酸等营养物质,其中硒含量达0.27mg/100g,锗含量达0.03mg/100g;VC含量达6.29mg/100g,叶酸含量达1.26mg/100g.