Modulation of Specific Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors Augments a Repair Mediating Schwann Cell Phenotype

Transdifferentiation of Schwann cells is essential for functional peripheral nerve regeneration after injury. By activating a repair program, Schwann cells promote functional axonal regeneration and remyelination. However, chronic denervation, aging, metabolic diseases, or chronic inflammatory processes reduce the transdifferentiation capacity and thus diminish peripheral nerve repair. It was recently described that the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) agonist Fingolimod enhances the Schwann cell repair phenotype by activation of dedifferentiation markers and concomitant release of trophic factors resulting in enhanced neurite growth. Since Fingolimod targets four out of five S1PRs (S1P1, S1P3-5) possibly leading to non-specific adverse effects, identification of the main receptor(s) responsible for the observed phenotypic changes is mandatory for future specific treatment approaches. Our experiments revealed that S1P3 dominates and that along with S1P1 acts as the responsible receptor for Schwann cell transdifferentiation as revealed by the combinatory application of specific agonists and antagonists. Targeting both receptors reduced the expression of myelin-associated genes, increased PDGF-BB representing enhanced trophic factor expression likely to result from c-Jun induction. Furthermore, we demonstrated that S1P4 and S1P5 play only a minor role in the adaptation of the repair phenotype. In conclusion, modulation of S1P1 and S1P3 could be effective to enhance the Schwann cell repair phenotype and thus stimulate proper nerve repair.     

Kopiermaschinen für die Holzbearbeitung

Zusammenfassung Die Kopiermaschinen ?ltever Bauart erzeugten Holzgegenst?nde, die keine Ma?haltigkeit und Oberfl?chengüte ergaben. Die Entwicklung der Genauigkeits-Kopiermaschinen setzte mit der Massenherstellung von Schuhleisten ein. Durch Erh?hung der Umdrehungsgeschwindigkeit der Messerk?pfe konnte der Flugkreis so klein gestaltet werden, da? die Kopiergenauigkeit gesteigert worden konnte. —Darstellung einiger grundlegenden Baumuster der neuzeitlichen Kopiermaschinen und Angabe über die erreichte Genauigkeit und Oberfl?chengüte.—Anwendungsgebiete.     

A generic iconic tool for viewing databases

Many software-development environments capture and structure all project information in one or more databases. As these data-gathering techniques become more effective, they make it increasingly difficult to locate relevant information from a vast store. Adapt is a display tool that can depict both the structure and content of databases graphically. The architecture of Adapt and the augmented graph representation it uses for database objects are described. As an example, the use of Adapt with the Triad database, which has 400 objects of 24 types, ranging from management (personnel information, project objectives, reviews, and walkthroughs) to coding (components and modules), is considered. Two kinds of graph operation, display and adaptive, that an Adapt user can perform on the augmented graph are discussed.<>     

Chromosomal mapping of two novel human FGF genes, FGF11 and FGF12

The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family comprises to date 12 members, which are involved in various physiological processes throughout embryogenesis and adult life. Two novel members of the family have been identified recently (FGF11 and FGF12). Using in situ hybridization on metaphasic chromosomes, we have been able to assign FGF11 to band p12-p13 of human chromosome 17 and FGF12 to band q28 of human chromosome 3.     

Der Versuch einer großen Integration

The long established German Society for Internal Medicine (DGIM) profoundly incriminated itself through its actions and positions during the National Socialist era. The German clinical physician Paul Martini assumed the part of reorganizing the DGIM prior to its first post-war convention in 1948 in Karlsruhe. Martini, who himself had opposed the Nazi regime, adopted a course of comprehensive integration. He strived to incorporate both physicians who had been persecuted by the Nazi Regime as well as former moderate National Socialists into the DGIM. At the same time he campaigned to preserve the pan-German nature of the conferences and aimed rapidly to make the DGIM re-compatible with international research. However, this path led to an allegedly apolitical focus on science and decades of largely failing to confront its Nazi past.     

Gestaltung der nächsten Inkarnation von Business Intelligence

The body of knowledge generated by Business Intelligence (BI) research is constantly extended by a stream of heterogeneous technological and organizational innovations. This paper shows how these can be bundled to a new vision for BI that is aligned with new requirements coming from socio-technical macro trends. The building blocks of the vision come from five research strings that have been extracted from an extensive literature review: BI and Business Process Management, BI across enterprise borders, new approaches of dealing with unstructured data, agile and user-driven BI, and new concepts for BI governance. The macro trend of the diffusion of cyber-physical systems is used to illustrate the argumentation. The realization of this vision comes with an array of open research questions and requires the coordination of research initiatives from a variety of disciplines. Due to the embedded nature of the addressed topics within general research areas of the Information Systems (IS) discipline and the linking pins that come with the underlying Dynamic Capabilities Approach such research provides a contribution to IS.     

Polyacrylamide bei der steinkohlenaufbereitung

By means of lab scale studies and electrochemical potential measurements it was shown that by selective flocculation using combinations of low molecular anionic polyelektrolytes and high molecular flocculants a coal slurry can be separated into a high ash content slurry and a thickened coal sludge. The dispersed matter contains almost only ultrafine mineral particles of high ash content. The flocculated coal particles which are virtually free of ultrafine mineral can now be treated in a highly efficient flotation step and dewatered to rather low water contents on vacuum filters.     

Comprehension of televised stories in boys with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and nonreferred boys.

Two studies compared comprehension of televised stories by 7- to 12-year-old boys with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and nonreferred comparison boys. Boys watched one show with toys present and one with toys absent. Visual attention was continuously recorded, and recall was tested after each show. Across studies, visual attention was high with toys absent but decreased sharply with toys present for boys with ADHD. Groups showed similar levels of cued recall of discrete units of information regardless of differences in attention. When recall tasks and television story structure required knowledge of relations among events, the reduced attention of boys with ADHD interfered with recall. Although visual attention of comparison boys also decreased to some extent with toys present, there was no such decrement in recall. Implications of the difficulties children with ADHD have in integrated story comprehension are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)