Impact of pharmaceutical underutilization: a study of insurance drug claims data

From 1989 to 1992, a longitudinal study of the relationships between different tick species and domestic ungulates in the transmission and amplification of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus was undertaken in the Bandia area in Senegal where the presence of the virus had been reported previously. An epizootic occurred in 1991-1992 and 22 strains of CCHF virus were isolated from Hyalomma marginatum rufipes Koch, Amblyomma variegatum (F.), Rhipicephalus guilhoni Morel & Vassiliades, and R. evertsi evertsi Neumann ticks collected from cattle and goats. No human cases were reported. Transmission of CCHF virus in the area involves a complicated pattern including many tick species and hosts. Amplicons of the S fragment (536 bp) of the CCHF genome of 12 isolates from the study were obtained by polymerase chain reaction and analyzed by restriction-length fragment polymorphism. Three different genotypes of CCHF virus were identified and present during the epizootic. One genotype was recovered from A. variegatum, R. guilhoni, and R. e. evertsi and 2 genotypes were isolated from H. m. rufipes.     

Varieties of "disordered" thinking on the Rorschach: Findings in schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic patients.

Assessed 71 schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic hospitalized patients on 3 scales for aspects indicative of a thinking disorder on the Rorschach: disruption of logical thought, irrelevant or personalized associations, and elaboration in affective terms. Each scale could be reliably scored according to the criteria described. The scales correlated significantly with other Rorschach scores suggestive of thought disorder. All 3 scales were significantly higher in schizophrenic Ss than in depressed Ss (p