Differential Evolution with Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm Enabled Multi-Hop Routing Protocol

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has evolved into a key technology for ubiquitous living and the domain of interest has remained active in research owing to its extensive range of applications. In spite of this, it is challenging to design energy-efficient WSN. The routing approaches are leveraged to reduce the utilization of energy and prolonging the lifespan of network. In order to solve the restricted energy problem, it is essential to reduce the energy utilization of data, transmitted from the routing protocol and improve network development. In this background, the current study proposes a novel Differential Evolution with Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm Enabled Multi-hop Routing Protocol (DEAOA-MHRP) for WSN. The aim of the proposed DEAOA-MHRP model is select the optimal routes to reach the destination in WSN. To accomplish this, DEAOA-MHRP model initially integrates the concepts of Different Evolution (DE) and Arithmetic Optimization Algorithms (AOA) to improve convergence rate and solution quality. Besides, the inclusion of DE in traditional AOA helps in overcoming local optima problems. In addition, the proposed DEAOA-MRP technique derives a fitness function comprising two input variables such as residual energy and distance. In order to ensure the energy efficient performance of DEAOA-MHRP model, a detailed comparative study was conducted and the results established its superior performance over recent approaches.     

Impact of using interactive devices in Spanish early childhood education public schools

The adoption of Information and Communication Technologies in early childhood education is crucial for adapting traditional classrooms to the digital era. Over time, young children are increasingly using touch screen technologies such as tablets at home and in early childhood settings. However, the literature shows that there is a significant gap in knowledge of using this technology in early childhood education. Most researchers have focused on the pedagogical theory behind using touch screen devices, but there have not been many empirical studies about how these technologies affect students' learning processes. This paper presents three learning experiences where early childhood students perform educational activities using tablet computers, interactive whiteboards, and paper cards. The results show that students who used the technology were more motivated and achieved better results that those who used paper cards.     

Variability in reading ability gains as a function of computer-assisted instruction method of presentation

This study examines the effects on early reading skills of three different methods of presenting material with computer-assisted instruction (CAI): (1) learner-controlled picture menu, which allows the student to choose activities, (2) linear sequencer, which progresses the students through lessons at a pre-specified pace, and (3) mastery-based adaptive sequencer, which progresses students through lessons based on whether or not the student has mastered the given skill. Preschool- and kindergarten-aged children (n = 183) were randomly assigned to one of the three CAI groups and spent 40 min a week, for 13 weeks, using the software program in a computer lab. An additional control group of students attending typical preschool or kindergarten received no CAI. ANCOVA results examining post-test reading ability sum score, covarying pre-test score, indicated that the mastery-based sequencer group significantly outperformed the learner-control and control groups, but was not statistically different from the linear sequence group. Analysis by task, rather than overall reading score, revealed significantly better performance for the linear sequence group over controls and picture menu group on the Initial Sound Fluency task, while the mastery-based sequencer group outperformed all three other groups on Non Word Fluency. In sum, these results suggest that the use of a sequencer is a very important element in presenting computerized reading content for young children.     

VICINAL DIKETONES IN BEER. PART II: INFLUENCE OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE IN THE DETERMINATION OF DIACETYL IN BEER

The accuracy of the determination of diacetyl in beer using o-phenylenediamine is impaired by the presence of sulphur dioxide. This effect may be overcome when the distillate from the beer is collected in strongly acidic solution¹.     

The performance of kibbutz- and city-reared Israeli children on two role-taking tasks.

Two tasks requiring communicative role taking were administered to 96 1st- and 5th-grade Israeli children in 2 kibbutzim or a large city. It was predicted that the greater peer interaction experienced by Ss in the kibbutz would enhance their role-taking abilities. Results confirm this prediction. Ss from the kibbutz were better able to decenter in formulating a novel message to a listener (Task I) and to differentiate better between a child and adult listener in formulating a message (Task 2). 5th graders performed better on both tasks than 1st graders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Evaluation of neural networks defenses and attacks using NDCG and reciprocal rank metrics

International Journal of Information Security - The problem of attacks on neural networks through input modification (i.e., adversarial examples) has attracted much attention recently. Being...