Low-loss single-mode wavelength-division multiplexing with etched fibre arrays

A 9-channel single-mode grating wavelength-division multiplexing scheme is demonstrated at 1.5 ?m with insertion losses as low as 1.5 dB. An array of fibres with core-to-core spacing of 36 ?m acts as a channel concentrator giving a channel separation of 20 ? and channel width of 2 ?.     

Organizational philosophy, policies, and objectives related to unethical decision behavior: A laboratory experiment.

Evaluated unethical decision behavior under different policy and environmental conditions. A laboratory methodology used a simulated marketing decision task that was expanded to include an ethical decision. Ss were 165 graduate business students who made a series of decisions on whether to pay a kickback or not. In Exp I, when Ss were given a letter from the corporate president supporting ethical behavior, their ethical behavior was higher than for Ss who received a letter that did not support ethical behavior. The size of the kickback resulted in a directional effect, but the effect was not statistically significant. In Exp II, profit goals did not significantly influence ethical behavior, but an organizational ethics policy was found to significantly reduce unethical decision behavior. In both studies, foreign nationality, Machiavellianism (Mach V Scale), and economic value orientation (Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Study of Values) were positively related to unethical decision behavior. In addition, a post hoc analysis showed than an ethical predisposition measure was strongly related to ethical decision behavior. (10 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of participation in a simulated society on attitudes of business students.

Assessed the effects of participation in a stimulated society involving social, economic, and political factors on attitudes toward business with 129 undergraduate business students as Ss. Results of a posttreatment attitude questionnaire show that in comparison to controls, simulated-society Ss placed greater emphasis on societal goals and less emphasis on suboptimizing business practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

68.3 km transmission with 1.37 Tbit km/s capacity using wavelength division multiplexing of ten single-frequency lasers at 1.5 ?m

We describe the first single-fibre lightwave transmission system with more than 1 Tbit km/s capacity. The ultrahigh-capacity transmission over 68.3 km of low-loss single-mode fibre was achieved by closely spaced wavelength division multiplexing of ten distributed feedback lasers. The lasers operated around 1.5 ?m wavelength and the multiplexer channel spacing was 1.35 nm. Each laser/channel was modulated at 2 Gbit/s giving a total transmission capacity of 1.366 Tbit km/s.     

Free-carrier effect on index change in 1.3 /spl mu/m quantum-dot lasers

Below threshold measurements of the carrier induced refractive index change in 1.3 /spl mu/m quantum-dot lasers at resonance and also below bandgap were carried out. It is demonstrated that free-carrier absorption contributes approximately half the total index change, and that its relative contribution is a function of device length. This result gives a lower bound to phase-amplitude coupling in quantum-dot lasers.     

Electron backscatter diffraction as a domain analysis technique in BiFeO(3)-PbTiO(3) single crystals.

xBiFeO(3)-(1-x)PbTiO(3) single crystals were grown via a flux method for a range of compositions. Presented here is a study of the domain configuration in the 0.5BiFeO(3)-0.5PbTiO(3) composition using electron backscatter diffraction to demonstrate the ability of the technique to map ferroelastic domain structures at the micron and submicron scale. The micron-scale domains exhibit an angle of approximately 85 degrees between each variant, indicative of a ferroelastic domain wall in a tetragonal system with a spontaneous strain, c/a - 1 of 0.10, in excellent agreement with the lattice parameters derived from x-ray diffraction. Contrast seen in forescatter images is attributed to variations in the direction of the electrical polarization vector, providing images of ferroelectric domain patterns.     

A boundary-integral method for the interaction of large-amplitude ocean waves with a compliant floating raft such as a sea-ice floe

The interaction of large-amplitude water waves with a compliant floating raft such as a sea-ice floe or a pontoon-type VLFS (very large floating structure) is considered. The solution is expressed as a series using a perturbation expansion, the first two components of which are solved inductively using a boundary-integral method. The primary interest of this paper is to the ways in which the second-order potential can be modified in order to apply the boundary-integral method and to the comparison of results with those derived using eigenfunction matching methods.     

A survey of tick-borne bacteria and protozoa in naturally exposed dogs from Israel

Antibody reactivity against seven bacterial or protozoal pathogens was measured in sera derived from 40 dogs suspected of a tick-borne disease. Sera from 73% (29/40) of the dogs reacted with three or more test antigens. Seroreactivity was most prevalent to Babesia canis antigen (90%) followed by Babesia gibsoni (75%), Ehrlichia canis (63%), Rickettsia conorii--Moroccan strain (58%), Rickettsia conorii--Israeli strain no. 2 (28%), Borrelia burgdorferi (10%) or Bartonella vinsonii (berkhoffii) (10%). Seroconversion documented in seven dogs, supported an acute phase diagnosis of ehrlichiosis in four dogs, R. conorii infection in three dogs and babesiosis in one dog. In the remaining dogs, correlation of clinical abnormalities with increased seroreactivity was not established through the design of this study. Although Lyme borreliosis has not been reported in people in Israel, Western blot analysis for antibodies reactive to B. burgdorferi identified genus-specific antiflagellin antibodies indicating that dogs in Israel are exposed to a Borrelia species. Identification of species-specific seroreactivity was not possible and infection with a Borrelia species other than B. burgdorferi is likely. Seroreactivity to B. vinsonii (berkhoffii) in dogs outside the USA is reported here for the first time.     

ELECTRON BACKSCATTER DIFFRACTION AND PIEZORESPONSE FORCE MICROSCOPY STUDY OF BULK AND THIN FILM PZT SAMPLES

ABSTRACT

In this work, bulk and PZT thin films have been investigated with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). After depositing a thin carbon layer to negate the effects of charging, EBSD was able to map the grain and domain orientations across the ferroelectric materials, showing features smaller than 100 nm. In addition, PFM was also performed in order to obtain quantifiable maps of the ferroelectric response. Both techniques indicated the presence of random grain and domain orientation in PZT(30/70) films deposited onto ITO/glass substrates. For these films, both single and multi domain grains were observed.