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21.
Membranes in chemical engineering . In the last 10 years membranes and membrane processes have evolved from a useful laboratory tool to an industrial product of significant technical and commercial impact. In some applications membrane processes have today not only replaced some conventional separation procedures in the chemical process industry, because they are often more economical and yield better quality products, but they have also successfully been utilized to solve mass separation problems where conventional procedures failed or are too expensive. This contribution discusses the state of the art of membranes and membrane processes as well as their major applications, with the main emphasis being placed on more recent developments. 相似文献
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Dipl. iur. Dipl. krim. Andrea Kemper Dr. med. Michael Kölch Prof. Heiner Fangerau Prof. Dr. med. Jörg M. Fegert 《Ethik in der Medizin》2010,22(1):33-47
Definition of the problem Medical confidentiality, which is one of the main pillars of medical ethics, has taken a decisive role in the latest discussions about the improvement of child protection laws. Inexplicit and plurivalent arrangements and procedures of how to legally handle child abuse cases when persons with legal custody refuse to take further support are seen as an obstacle for effective child protection. Arguments Non-specific legal regulations lead to task uncertainty and hesitation on the side of health care professionals, which can result in the delay or even prevention of necessary actions. Therefore, new laws on the federal level have been passed in order to establish certainty with regard to professional secrecy and in order to foster networking among the actors in the field of child protection. Conclusion The paper analyses and discusses these legal attempts at strengthening child protection. Although some of the federal laws have the potential of clarification, the great number of laws and their explication restricts their impact. 相似文献
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Heiner Fangerau 《Ethik in der Medizin》2011,18(3):87-88
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Mariya Aloshyna Begoa Milin Medina Lars Poulsen Juliette Moreau David Beljonne Jrme Cornil Giuseppe Di Silvestro Michele Cerminara Francesco Meinardi Riccardo Tubino Heiner Detert Sigurd Schrader Hans‐Joachim Egelhaaf Chiara Botta Johannes Gierschner 《Advanced functional materials》2008,18(6):915-921
Perhydrotriphenylene‐based channel‐forming inclusion compounds (ICs) and thin films made of polyphenylenevinylene (PPV)‐type oligomers with terminal alkoxy groups are investigated and compared in a combined experimental and theoretical approach. Interchromophore interactions and host‐guest interactions are elucidated by UV/Vis and Raman spectroscopy. The impact of the local environment of the chromophore on the optical and photophysical properties is discussed in light of quantum‐chemical calculations. In stark contrast to thin films where preferential side‐by‐side orientation leads to quenching of photoluminescence (PL) via non‐emissive traps, the ICs are found to be attractive materials for opto‐electronic applications: they offer high chromophore concentrations, but at the same time behave as quasi‐isolated entities of tightly packed, well‐oriented objects with high PL quantum yields and the possibility of color tuning. 相似文献
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Ulf Stalmach Heiner Detert Herbert Meier Volker Gebhardt Dietrich Haarer Andreas Bacher Hans-Werner Schmidt 《Optical Materials》1998,9(1-4):77-81
The preparation of LEDs with poly( p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) as emitting material is well established. However, due to the presence of a distribution of conjugated chain lengths in the polymer, systematic investigations of the electroluminescence with polymeric materials are difficult, as far as the optical emission is concerned. We are studying the relationship between structural variation of substituted oligo(p-phenylenevinylene)s and their electroluminescent behaviour using a series of distyrylbenzenes with a variety of substituents in order to investigate their influence on the electroluminescence (EL). Furthermore, we synthesized a homologous series of monodisperse oligo(2,5-dipropoxy-1,4-phenylenevinylene)s with up to 11 repeating units. This series covers the spectrum from monomer to polymer. The influence on the EL can be investigated by preparing single layer LEDs using vapor deposition or spincoating of the oligomers in a polystyrene (PS) matrix. The comparison of photoluminescence (PL)- and EL-spectra shows that the photophysical properties of the oligomers are strongly altered by aggregation phenomena. 相似文献
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Andreas Mauerer Bastian Lange Goetz Hannes Welsch Frank Heidenau Werner Adler Raimund Forst Richard Heiner Richter 《Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine》2014,25(3):813-821
The aim of this study was the investigation of a copper-filled TiO2 coating, that in vitro showed good antibacterial properties combined with good tissue tolerance in an animal model. To better understand the antibacterial mechanism of the bioactive coating the release of copper (Cu) ions over time was monitored to be able to detect possible threats as well as possible fields of application. 30 New Zealand White rabbits were divided into two groups with 15 animals per group. In group 1 (control group) Ti6Al4 V bolts were implanted into the distal femur, in group 2 the Ti6Al4 V bolts were coated with four TiO2-coatings with integrated Cu2+-ions (4 × Cu–TiO2). Blood tests were performed weekly until the animals were sacrificed 4 weeks postoperative. The maximum peak of Cu and ceruloplasmin concentration could be seen in both groups one week postoperative, whereas the Cu values in group II were significantly higher. The Cu concentration in both groups approximated the initial basic values 4 weeks postoperative. The 4 × Cu–TiO2 coating tested in our rabbit model for total knee arthroplasty is an active coating that releases potentially antibacterial Cu2+ for 4 weeks with a peak 1 week postoperative. The bioactive coating could be a promising approach for a use in the field of implant related infection, orthopaedic revision and tumor surgery in the future. 相似文献
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Lindner I Helwig U Rubin D Li Y Fisher E Boeing H Möhlig M Spranger J Pfeiffer A Hampe J Schreiber S Döring F Schrezenmeir J 《Molecular nutrition & food research》2005,49(10):972-976
The protein encoded by the pancreatic colipase (CLPS) gene is an essential cofactor needed by pancreatic triglyceride lipase (PNLIP) for efficient dietary lipid hydrolysis. Since the inhibition of lipase activity was shown to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, we tested the hypothesis that genetic variations in the CLPS and PNLIP genes are associated with type 2 diabetes; 47 unrelated subjects were screened for polymorphisms of the CLPS and PNLIP genes. A nested-case control study of 192 incident type 2 diabetes subjects and 384 sex- and age-matched controls taken from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Potsdam Cohort (EPIC) was employed for association studies. The Metabolic Intervention Cohort Kiel (MICK) consisting of 716 males was used for verification. A novel putative functional polymorphism (Arg109Cys) was identified in the CLPS gene. The frequencies of the Arg/Cys genotype were 2.6% in EPIC and 2.2% in MICK study subjects. No homozygotes for the Cys/Cys genotype were found in either study population. Logistic regression analysis showed a statistically significant association of the Arg/Cys genotype with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The odds ratios estimated by the model were 3.75 (95%CI = 1.13-12.49, p = 0.03) in EPIC and 4.86 (95%CI = 1.13-20.95, p = 0.03) in MICK. No comparable associations were found with other traits of the insulin-resistance syndrome (e. g.; body mass index, waist to hip ratio). In conclusion, we obtained evidence in two German Caucasian study populations that the variant of the rare CLPS Arg109Cys polymorphism might contribute to increased susceptibility of type 2 diabetes. 相似文献