Synergism in the wetting properties of ternary surfactant mixtures

It has been shown that ternary surfactant synergism can be predicted on the basis of nonideality parameters of binary subsystems derived from advancing contact angles. Studies with appropriate surfactant mixtures of glucamides, ether sulfates, secondary alkane sulfonates, and alkylamidopropyl betaines were performed on substrates of different polarity.     

Density functional studies of the electronic structure and adsorption at molybdenum oxide surfaces

The electronic structure and bonding at different oxygen sites of MoO₃(0 1 0) and (1 0 0) surfaces is reviewed on the basis of ab initio density functional theory (DFT-LCGTO) cluster calculations. The clusters are chosen as finite sections of the ideal MoO₃ surface where cluster embedding is achieved by bond saturation with hydrogen terminator atoms yielding clusters up to Mo₇O₃₀H₁₈. Resulting charge density distributions and binding properties are analyzed by populations, bond orders, and electrostatic potential maps. Interatomic binding at the surface is determined by both ionic and covalent contributions with a clear distinction between terminal oxygens and different bridging surface oxygens. Electronic differences between the MoO₃ (0 1 0) and (1 0 0) surfaces are found to be mainly due to the different atom arrangement while local atom charging and binding properties seem surface independent. The electronic surface parameters influence the behavior and reactions of adsorbed molecules as will be shown for H, OH, and C₃H₅ adsorbates.     

Nanoporous gold bumps for low temperature bonding

Nanoporous gold bumps have been deposited on silicon wafers by electroplating a silver–gold alloy followed by etching the silver. An open-porous cellular structure of gold at meso-scale is left on top of the bumps. For flip chip bonding we found low temperature and low force bonding conditions. The porous interconnects have very promising properties, like compressibility and reduced stiffness, which should result in higher bond yield and extended reliability.     

Gentechnik an Tieren - Schwerpunkte der Entwicklungen und Anwendungen in der Tier-Biotechnologie

Numerous procedures of gene technology for animals have been developed internationally and with large research input. They are applied for different areas of the modern biotechnology. The use of biotechnical innovations has affected the economical conditions in animal breeding and the environmental loading by effects of animals. Moreover, limitations are considered posed by biological conditions and risk factors. The use of gene technology in animal needs evaluation based on ethical criteria as well as the consideration of public acceptance.     

Conformational changes of Mal d 2, a thaumatin-like apple allergen,induced by food processing

Mal d 2, a thaumatin-like protein from apple was previously described to react to almost 75% of the apple allergic patient sera. Based on the molecular structure of this protein, the present study focused on the conformational stability of Mal d 2 in relation to in vitro IgE-binding under different physico-chemical conditions and proteolysis. The structural integrity of Mal d 2 was monitored using SDS–PAGE, Western blotting using polyclonal antibodies and human sera, fluorescence spectrometry and circular dichroism. Results confirmed the stability of Mal d 2. However, Mal d 2 was reactive to human serum IgEs mainly after reduction of disulphide bridges fixing the α-helical domain II. Contrary to previous assumptions, the current findings suggest that the allergenic epitopes of Mal d 2 are hidden inside the protein structure and none of the rigorous conditions applied in industrial juice processing or digestive proteolysis enhance or reduce the binding to IgE molecules.     

Die verbrennungstechnische Entsorgung eines Chemiebetriebes

Incineration of waste from a chemical facility. Waste from chemical plants includes solids, liquids, gases – all of which require disposal. Solid and liquid wastes can be readily incinerated or deposited in a central plant. Gas purification is the final step of the process, performed at a limited distance from the production plant. If several substances having different properties are involved then thermal waste air purification is appropriate. This paper considers the design concepts of such a thermal waste air purification unit.     

L?slichkeit und gel-elektrophoretische Muster hitzedenaturierter Proteine, auch von st?rkehaltigen Proben, nach Einwirkung von Na-dodecylsulfat (SDS)

Zusammenfassung Das Lösungsvermögen des Anionendetergents Na-dodecylsulfat (SDS) in Gegenwart disulfidbrückenspaltender Reagentien auf native und auf hitzedenaturierte Proteine wird an Fleisch-und Kartoffelproteinen mit Hilfe elektrophoretischer Methoden untersucht. Die zur Resolubilisierung notwendige Menge an SDS und die erforderliche Incubationszeit werden für die verschiedenen Proben ermittelt. Die Proteine des Skeletmuskels von Rind, Schwein, Huhn und Pute einerseits und die Proteine der europäischen Kartoffelsorten und der südamerikanischen Primitivkultivare andererseits zeigen in der SDS-PAGE ein sehr ähnliches Bandenmuster, das speziesdifferenzierend kaum ausgewertet werden kann, aber ein gutes Charakteristikum für Muskel-bzw. Kartoffelproteine ist.

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Solubility and electrophoretic patterns of heat-denaturated proteins (including samples containing starch) after treatment with SDS (sodiumdodecylsulfat)

Summary The ability of the anionic detergent SDS (sodium-dodecylsulfate) to solubilize native and heat-denaturated proteins of meat and potatoes in presence of disulphide reducing agents was checked by electrophoretic methods. Skeletal muscle proteins of beef, pork, chicken and turkey have shown very similar patterns in SDS-gelelectrophoresis, which could hardly be used for species identification but they are characteristic for fresh or boiled muscles. Proteins of European potato cultivars and primitive cultivars from South America have almost identical SDS-patterns even if taken from boiled potatoes. Their patterns are different from the proteins of other European crops plants and may serve for detection of the presence of potatoes in food mixtures.

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Diese Arbeit ist Teil der Dissertation von I. de Wreede. Die Analyse der tierischen Proteine bearbeitete I. de Wreede.Sonderdruckanfragen an: I. de Wreede (Adresse siehe oben)