Microscale exoglycosidase processing and lectin capture of glycans with phospholipid assisted capillary electrophoresis separations

Capillary electrophoresis separations of glycans labeled with 1-aminopyrene-3,6,8-trisulfonic acid were achieved with separation efficiencies ranging from 480,000 to 640,000 theoretical plates in a 60.2 cm, 25 μm inner diameter fused silica capillary. Under these separation conditions, the coefficient of variation in peak area is 10%, and if labeling efficiency is estimated at 100%, the limit of detection is 15 fM. The capillary electrophoresis method incorporated phospholipid additives to enhance the separation of glycans with slight differences in hydrodynamic volume. In addition, the phospholipid additives supported the integration of the lectin concanavalin A as well as the enzymes α1-2,3 mannosidase or β1-4 galactosidase to provide structural and compositional information about the glycans subject to separation. The use of in-capillary cleavage of terminal glycan residues with exoglycosidases offers a number of advantages over benchtop enzymatic sequencing, including reduced consumption of analyte, as well as enzyme. These methods were used to evaluate glycans derived from the glycoproteins α1-acid glycoprotein, fetuin, and ribonuclease B, as well as from glycoproteins collected from MCF7 cells.     

PDZ-domain-mediated interaction of the Eph-related receptor tyrosine kinase EphB3 and the ras-binding protein AF6 depends on the kinase activity of the receptor

Eph-related receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have been implicated in intercellular communication during embryonic development. To elucidate their signal transduction pathways, we applied the yeast two-hybrid system. We could demonstrate that the carboxyl termini of the Eph-related RTKs EphA7, EphB2, EphB3, EphB5, and EphB6 interact with the PDZ domain of the ras-binding protein AF6. A mutational analysis revealed that six C-terminal residues of the receptors are involved in binding to the PDZ domain of AF6 in a sequence-specific fashion. Moreover, this PDZ domain also interacts with C-terminal sequences derived from other transmembrane receptors such as neurexins and the Notch ligand Jagged. In contrast to the association of EphB3 to the PDZ domain of AF6, the interaction with full-length AF6 clearly depends on the kinase activity of EphB3, suggesting a regulated mechanism for the PDZ-domain-mediated interaction. These data gave rise to the idea that the binding of AF6 to EphB3 occurs in a cooperative fashion because of synergistic effects involving different epitopes of both proteins. Moreover, in NIH 3T3 and NG108 cells endogenous AF6 is phosphorylated specifically by EphB3 and EphB2 in a ligand-dependent fashion. Our observations add the PDZ domain to the group of conserved protein modules such as Src-homology-2 (SH2) and phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domains that regulate signal transduction through their ability to mediate the interaction with RTKs.     

A mesoscopic ballistic electron mixer with efficient frequencyconversion at radio frequency

The voltage-current characteristic of a four-terminal mesoscopic cross is grossly nonlinear, exhibiting two clear regions of negative differential resistance (NDR). This behavior is potentially useful in millimeter wave detectors since these small devices have very low parasitic capacitance and great sensitivity. The device exploits a planar GaAs technology which lends itself to integrated systems. We have exploited one of the NDR regions (at a current of only 1.9 μA) to carry out frequency conversion. At low frequency we observed efficient frequency doubling, with the second harmonic exceeding the fundamental by up to 10 dB at the output. We have also operated the device at radio frequency (5 MHz) and demonstrated both asynchronous and heterodyne amplitude demodulation. The effect of DC current bias was examined and it was shown that biasing the device close to the NDR gave the optimum frequency conversion. A conversion loss in the heterodyne mixer circuit of 3 dB was achieved     

The Adult Attachment Interview and self-reports of attachment style: An empirical rapprochement.

Although 10 studies have been published on the empirical overlap of the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) and measures of self-reported attachment style, results in this literature have been inconsistently interpreted in narrative reviews. This report was designed as a rapprochement of the AAI and attachment style literatures and includes 3 studies. Study 1 (combined N = 961) is a meta-analytic review showing that by J. Cohen's (1992) criteria (mean r = .09), the association between AAI security and attachment style dimensions is trivial to small. Study 2 (N = 160) confirms meta-analytic results with state-of-the-art assessments of attachment security and also examines attachment dimensions in relation to the Big 5 personality traits. Finally, Study 3 is an investigation of 50 engaged couples that shows that developmental and social psychological measures of attachment security predict somewhat distinct--though theoretically anticipated--aspects of functioning in adult relationships. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Guidelines for the treatment of cytomegalovirus diseases in patients with AIDS in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy: recommendations of an international panel. International AIDS Society-USA

OBJECTIVE: To provide recommendations for the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related cytomegalovirus (CMV) end-organ diseases, including retinitis, colitis, pneumonitis, and neurologic diseases. PARTICIPANTS: A 17-member panel of physicians with expertise in clinical and virological research and inpatient care in the field of CMV diseases. EVIDENCE: Available clinical and virological study results. Recommendations are rated according to the quality and strength of available evidence. Recommendations were limited to the treatment of CMV diseases; prophylaxis recommendations are not included. PROCESS: The panel was convened in February 1997 and met regularly through November 1997. Subgroups of the panel summarized and presented available information on specific topics to the full panel; recommendations and ratings were determined by group consensus. CONCLUSIONS: Although the epidemiological features of CMV diseases are changing in the setting of potent, combination antiretroviral therapy, continued attention must be paid to CMV diseases in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus to prevent irreversible endorgan dysfunction. The initial and maintenance treatment of CMV retinitis must be individualized based on the characteristics of the lesions, including location and extent, specific patient factors, and characteristics of available therapies among others. Management of relapse or refractory retinitis must be likewise individualized. Ophthalmologic screening for patients at high risk for retinitis or who have a prior diagnosis of extraretinal disease is recommended. Recommendations for gastrointestinal, pulmonary, and neurologic manifestations are included.     

Comparative analysis of breast cancer contamination in mobilized and nonmobilized hematopoietic grafts

We report a case of an 18-month-old female who presented with three supernumerary upper limbs of varying lengths on the right side. Each limb had a proximal, middle, and distal segment, and an intercalated elbow and wrist joint. A single digit was present in the superior limb, three digits in the middle limb, and two digits in the caudal-most limb. Right plagiocephaly, congenital torticollis, scoliosis involving the upper and mid thoracic region, and a hypoplastic right pectoralis major were the other abnormal features noted. Radiography showed two scapulae, humerus, a single forearm bone in each limb, and rudimentary metacarpals and phalanges. Limb duplication may rarely be encountered in parasitic conjoined twins. The role of mutagens, drugs, cellular contributions, and morphogens in the growth and differentiation of limbs has been studied in animals. It is rather difficult to deduce the time of action of the factors responsible for such a malformation.     

Further analysis of the reliability of the posterior tangent lateral lumbar radiographic mensuration procedure: concurrent validity of computer-aided X-ray digitization

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reliability of a specific method of radiographic analysis of the geometric configuration of the lumbopelvic spine in the sagittal plane, and to investigate the concurrent validity of a computer-aided digitization procedure designed to replace the more tedious and time-consuming manual measurement process. DESIGN: A blind, repeated-measures design was used. The results of radiographic measures derived through the traditional manual marking method were compared with measures derived by computer-aided digitization of lateral lumbopelvic radiographs. SETTING: Private chiropractic clinic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients, paired sample t tests and intraclass correlation co-efficients (ICC) were used to examine intraexaminer reliability, and repeated measures of analysis of variance were used to examine interexaminer reliability for relative rotation angles for T12-L1, L1-L2, L2-L3, L3-L4, L4-L5, L5-S1, overall lordosis measurement [absolute rotation angle (ARA)] from L1-L5 and Cobb angle of overall lordosis measured from the inferior surface of T12 to the superior surface of S1, Ferguson's sacral base angle to horizontal, angle of pelvic tilt (arcuate angle) to horizontal and anteroposterior thoracic translation (Sz) in millimeters. RESULTS: ICC estimates for intraexaminer reliability were in the range of 0.96-0.98 for the L1-L5 ARA, a range of 0.87-0.99 for the arcuate angle measurement, 0.83-0.94 for the Ferguson's angle measurement, 0.88-0.95 for the Cobb angle measurement from the inferior surface of T12 compared with the superior surface of S1 and 0.98-1.00 for the translation measurement of the lower thoracic spine to S1 (Sz). The intersegmental measurement's (T12-L1, L1-L2, L2-L3, L3-L4, L4-L5, L5-S1) correlations ranged from a low of 0.55 to a high of 0.97. Examination of these findings suggests that the reliability for the three doctors is acceptable with only the T12-L1 intersegmental measure falling below 0.70 for the least experienced examiner. Average ICC of interexaminer reliability for manual and computer-aided digitizing examiners were the following: 0.96 for the L1-L5 ARA; 0.84 for the arcuate angle measurement; 0.82 for the Ferguson's angle measurement; 0.88 for the Cobb angle measurement; 1.00 for the Sz translation measurement; and values of 0.65, 0.73, 0.74, 0.75, 0.89 and 0.81 for relative rotation angle measurements T12-L1, L1-L2, L2-L3, L3-L4, L4-L5 and L5-S1, respectively. CONCLUSION: The data tend to support the reliability of this method of radiographic analysis of the geometric configuration of the lumbopelvic spine as viewed on lateral lumbopelvic radiographs. The additional data presented here tend to support the concurrent validity of the computer-aided digitization method of analysis inasmuch as the measures determined by the digitizing examiners are essentially identical to those determined by the manual method plus or minus the average standard error of measure of each value.     

Highly effective junction isolation structures for PICs based on standard CMOS Process

This paper presents novel and highly effective junction isolation structures for power integrated circuits. The negative feedback-activated junction isolation is presented and it is proven to be very effective in blocking substrate current from reaching the logic circuitry (orders of magnitude more effective than standard junction isolation techniques). Additionally, in an attempt to further improve the blocking capabilities of junction isolations the use of multiple or combined structures is investigated whilst keeping the surface area used for isolation device in the same range as for the single structures. All isolation structures presented here are based on a 0.6-/spl mu/m CMOS technology.     

Heat pump assisted distillation. VII: A feasibility study on heat transformer assisted distillation systems

The problems in matching a heat driven heat transformer to a distillation process in heat pump assisted distillation are discussed. The performance of such a system is a function of the temperature difference across the distillation column. Plots are given of the calculated coefficients of performance against the temperatures of the top and bottom products. In addition plots are given of the calculated coefficients of performance against the generator temperature when the generator is independently heated. The percentage of energy saved is also plotted against coefficient of performance.