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11.
12.
Summary Methacrylic acid was photopolymerised using CdS and composite, CdS/HgS and CdS/TiO2, colloidal semiconductor particles as initiators. The previously proposed photoinitiation mechanism involving the photogenerated positive hole in the valence band of the CdS colloid was confirmed by the electron scavenging action of TiO2. The effect of pH on the course of the polymerisation was investigated and is discussed. 相似文献
13.
van der Horst M.J. Linnenbank A.C. van Staveren A. 《Electromagnetic Compatibility, IEEE Transactions on》2005,47(1):34-44
The electromagnetic-interference effects of out-of-band signals on negative-feedback amplifiers are investigated. It is assumed that the interfering signals picked up at the input of the amplifier are dominant. Due to the nonlinear behavior of the active devices in the amplifier, unwanted dc shifts and amplitude-modulation (AM) detection may occur. Describing these effects is usually done by using the Volterra series. Although providing good results when used for analysis, methods to use the Volterra series for the design process are not yet mature enough. A simple procedure for calculating AM detection is presented. An equivalent source at the input of the amplifier is introduced that accounts for the nonlinear effects. Because the characteristics of this source are computed as a function of design parameters, this procedure facilitates a synthesis approach for designing amplifiers with a lower susceptibility to AM detection. It is shown that the root locus of the amplifier transfer function has a large influence on the amount of AM detection and, therefore, on the electromagnetic compatibility. Measurements made on a single-stage negative-feedback amplifier support the presented procedure. 相似文献
14.
The classical two-film model for mass transfer between two fluid phases can only be used to describe the steady state mass transfer mechanism. Both the penetration and the film-penetration model are also valid solely when only one diffusion boundary layer exists at the interface between the phases. With a view to surmounting the limitations of the above models a new model has been developed for the mass transfer between two fluid phases with two diffusion boundary layers at the interface. The new model is based on the two-film concept and the Danckwerts distribution function, and is also able to simulate the unsteady state mass transfer mechanism between two fluid phases with two different boundary layers. 相似文献
15.
16.
Robert Leeb Felix Lee Claudia Keinrath Reinhold Scherer Horst Bischof Gert Pfurtscheller 《IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering》2007,15(4):473-482
The step away from a synchronized or cue-based brain-computer interface (BCI) and from laboratory conditions towards real world applications is very important and crucial in BCI research. This work shows that ten naive subjects can be trained in a synchronous paradigm within three sessions to navigate freely through a virtual apartment, whereby at every junction the subjects could decide by their own, how they wanted to explore the virtual environment (VE). This virtual apartment was designed similar to a real world application, with a goal-oriented task, a high mental workload, and a variable decision period for the subject. All subjects were able to perform long and stable motor imagery over a minimum time of 2 s. Using only three electroencephalogram (EEG) channels to analyze these imaginations, we were able to convert them into navigation commands. Additionally, it could be demonstrated that motivation is a very crucial factor in BCI research; motivated subjects perform much better than unmotivated ones. 相似文献
17.
Formulating the minimum concave cost capacitated network flow problem as an integer concave minimization problem, we establish
finite branch and bound algorithms, in which the branching operation is the so–called integral rectangular partition and the
bounding procedure is performed by the classical minimum linear cost flow problem on subnetworks. For the special case that
the flow cost function is concave on a fixed number of arcs and linear on the others, an upper bound of the running time is
given.
Received: 19 July 1996 / Accepted: 8 July 1997 相似文献
18.
H. Mughrabi H. Biermann T. Ungar 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》1993,2(4):557-564
The γ-γ lattice mismatch of specimens of the monocrystalline nickel-base superalloy SRR 99 has been measured by a high-resolution
X-ray diffraction technique for the undeformed state and after high-tem-perature creep deformation. During creep deformation
beyond the minimum creep rate (total strain =0.5%), the lattice mismatches, measured in and perpendicular to the [001] stress
axis, respectively, un-dergo changes in opposite directions. This reflects the buildup of a complex deformation-induced triaxial
state of internal stress in the phases y and γ. The overall resolved shear stresses that act in γ and y due to the combined
action of the external and internal stresses are estimated, and the conditions under which cutting of the γ phase by dislocations
should occur are discussed. 相似文献
19.
Dirk Anderheiden Otto Brenner Doris Klee Robert Kaufmann Horst A. Richter Christian Mittermayer Hartwig Hcker 《大分子材料与工程》1991,185(1):109-127
Different polyurethanes were synthesized by varying the diol as well as the diisocyanate components and chain extenders. Polyurethanes with OH-groups were obtained by photo- and thermoinitiation of the radical polymerization of hydroxy alkyl acrylates in the presence of the polyurethanes. The polymers were evaluated with respect to their biocompatibility by measuring the cell spreading, the rates of DNA- and protein synthesis and the swelling behaviour. The differences in the surfaces and the bulks between the selected basic polyurethane and the functionalized modification were determined and characterized by XPS, FTIR-ATR and 13C-FT-NMR-spectroscopy. The mechanical data of Tecoflex EG 60D® and Pellethane 2363–80AE® were compared with the data of the synthesized polyurethanes. 相似文献
20.
Membranes in chemical engineering . In the last 10 years membranes and membrane processes have evolved from a useful laboratory tool to an industrial product of significant technical and commercial impact. In some applications membrane processes have today not only replaced some conventional separation procedures in the chemical process industry, because they are often more economical and yield better quality products, but they have also successfully been utilized to solve mass separation problems where conventional procedures failed or are too expensive. This contribution discusses the state of the art of membranes and membrane processes as well as their major applications, with the main emphasis being placed on more recent developments. 相似文献