Mechanism responsible for the cooling of air heated by a strong shock wave

The problem of the cooling of a spherical volume of air after departure of a shock wave in air of normal density is studied numerically. Based on the results obtained, a conclusion is made that no radiative cooling wave exists in a real atmosphere.Academic Scientific Complex A. V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute of the Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus. Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 155–158, February, 1994     

Embrittlement of Armco iron by indium at high temperatures

We determined the relative elongation () and ultimate strength (_u) of hollow Armco iron specimens and Armco iron specimens filled with indium at high temperatures in a vacuum. It was shown that indium embrittles Armco iron in the temperature range 850–950°C. The lowest values of were obtained at a temperature of 925°C, where a small amount of the -phase is observed in the structure of strained specimens. The high-temperature liquid metal embrittlement of Armco iron is caused by an indiummelt-induced decrease in the flow stress, which localizes strains in the -phase and initiates its premature cracking. On the basis of metallographic investigations, we made the conclusion that corrosion is not responsible for the high-temperature liquid metal embrittlement of Armco iron.Karpenko Physicomechanical Institute, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, L'viv. Translated from Fiziko-Khimicheskaya Mekhanika Materialov, Vol. 29, No. 6, pp. 41–45, November–December, 1993.     

Application of the digital signal processing methodology (DSPM) for the design of time integration formulae

Although the existence of a close relationship between the areas of digital processing and time integration methodology has been established long ago, only recently a systematic application of the concepts and methods of the first area to the second has been attempted. The resulting Digital Signal Processing Methodology is applied in this paper to demostrate that time integration methods can be designed, displaying advanced performance in the computational analysis of large complex systems, with respect to accuracy, spurious oscillations damping, overshooting and asymptotic behavior for singular cases.     

Solvent effect on ageing of silica gels

The structure of silica gels derived from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) with molar compositions of TEOSH₂OHNO₃=1100.4 and then aged in various solvents, was studied. The effect of various solvents having different physical properties on the gel structure, as well as the relationship between the solvent properties and the dried gel structure, were investigated. The density, surface area and pore-size distribution were measured. The results of the pore structure and SEM showed the aged gels to have a slit-shaped micropore, narrow pore-size distribution, and homogeneous microstructure. The density, surface area, pore size and pore volume of dried gels changed as the gels were subjected to ageing in various solvents. The surface area could be related to the polarity parameter of the ageing solvent.     

Filter elements of the wound type

NTF Inprokom (St. Petersburg). Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 46–48, September–October, 1993.     

Standing waves of gaseous chemical reactions in inert porous media

Standing waves of gaseous, exothermic, chemical reactions in inert porous media are investigated in the two-temperature and one-temperature approximations. A semiinfinite reaction zone method is developed to solve the problem analytically. It is shown that the wave solutions obtained by this method form a large set. Traditional solutions with strong heat transfer at the end of the wave make up but a small fraction of this set.LENIIKhIMMASh, St. Petersburg 193167. Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 11–20, July–August, 1994.     

Antitumor Organometallics. IV. The Mutagenic Potential of Some Diphenylantimony(III) Dithiophosphorus Derivatives

Two diphenylantimony(III) derivatives of dithiophosphorus ligands, i.e. Ph(2)SbS(2)PPh(2) and Ph(2)SbS(2)P(OPr-i)(2), which were previously found to exhibit antitumor properties, have been now investigated for potential mutagenic effects in healthy and Ehrlich ascites tumor-bearing mice. Two short-term tests, i.e. the micronucleus test and the cytogenetic analysis, were used as end-points for mutagenicity. The results are consistent with a mutagenic potential for both organoantimony(III) compounds tested, the effect being higher for the phosphorodithioato derivative.     

Liquid crystal oligo(cyclosiloxanes)

The synthesis and properties of individual liquid crystal oligo(cyclosiloxanes),, wherex=4–8 andR is a 4-methoxyphenyl-4-alkyloxybenzoate type of mesogenic group, is described. Preliminary results concerning the effect of ring size on the mesophase formation are included. X-ray diffraction studies have shown that the cyclosiloxanes form a smectic A₁ phase.