The Effect of Nucleators on the Quality of the Surface of Glass-Ceramic Denture Coatings

The effect of nucleator additives on the surface relief and the degree of crystallization of material intended for the dentine and enamel layers of artificial denture is considered. It is established that hydroxyapatite additive is optimal for producing the required relief in the prime and dentine layers.     

Minimal Energy Asynchronous Dynamic Adders

In battery-operated portable or implantable digital devices, where battery life needs to be maximized, it is necessary to minimize not only power consumption but also energy dissipation. Typical energy optimization measures include voltage reduction and operating at the slowest possible speed. We employ additional methods, including hybrid asynchronous dynamic design to enable operating over a wide range of battery voltage, aggregating large combinational logic blocks, and transistor sizing and reordering. We demonstrate the methods on simple adders, and discuss extension to other circuits. Three novel adders are proposed and analyzed: a 2-bit pass transistor logic (PTL) adder and two dynamic 2-bit adders. Circuit simulations on a 0.18-mum process at low voltage show that leakage energy is below 1%. The proposed adders achieve up to 40% energy savings relative to previously published results, while also operating faster     

Safety assessment of liquid radioactive wastes buried for a long time in deep repositories

The concepts of specific and absolute toxicity permit distinguishing in radioactive wastes belonging to different categories the particular components that present the greatest ecological danger at different stages of their disposal in repositories. It is shown that transuranium elements determine the toxicity parameter of high-and medium-level wastes only 350–400 years after initial disposal. At the present stage of operation of deep repositories, the behavior of the long-lived fission products of ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs is most important. For low-level wastes, the chemical and not the radioactive component is most dangerous. __________ Translated from Atomnaya énergiya,Vol. 100, No. 2, pp. 86–92, February, 2006.     

Film Formation in Binary Sol-Gel Systems

The film-forming capacity of binary systems containing Sb₂O₃, SnO₂, CeO₂, Y₂O₃, Nd₂O₃, Bi₂O₃, V₂O₅, ZnO, CuO, CdO, and Al₂O₃ are investigated. The best film-formers are Sb₂O₃ and SnO₂, whereas ZnO, CuO, CdO, and Al₂O₃ cannot produce films of optical quality. The rest of considered oxides do not impair the clarity of coatings when their molding content is 20 – 50%. A proportional dependence is established between the refractive index and the reflection coefficient of a film and the refractive indexes of oxides making parts of this film, as well as between the concentration of deposited FFS, the film-forming capacity of oxides, and the film thickness.     

A New Generation of Steels for Metallic Structures

Metal Science and Heat Treatment -     

Neutron and capture γ-ray accumulation factors in engineering calculations of reactor shielding

Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 66, No. 5, pp. 321–324, May, 1989.     

Method of determining the parameters of a photoelectric pulse transmitter with several optron pairs

Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 10, pp. 16–17, October, 1989.     

Analog regulators of the energy-liberation distribution in nuclear reactors

Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 81–85, February, 1989.