Structure–phase state of the surface layers in rails subjected to differential hardening

A layer-by-layer analysis of the structures, the phase compositions, and the defect substructures of differentially hardened rails has been carried by optical and transmission electron microscopy. It is found that the material volume of the rail head fillet is cooled faster than the volume located along the central axis.     

Multilevel Recording in Ge2Sb2Te5 Thin Films

Semiconductors - The current–voltage characteristics measured on Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films in the current mode are studied. The effect of multilevel recording is established when applying...     

Optimal Placement of Dampers on Multistorey Frames Using Dynamic Analysis

Strength of Materials - The use of a damping system is one of the seismic protection systems that improve the seismic response of structures. The proposed methodology estimates the location (which...     

Effect of Railcar Wheel Tire Profiles on the Contact Stress Level in Subway Rails

Strength of Materials - The statistical analysis performed on the defectiveness of rails in the Kiev subway railway shows that the main cause of the occurrence of most defects is the contact...     

Effect of the Porous Skeletal Iron Structure on the Infiltration of Aluminum Melts

Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics - The infiltration of aluminum melts into porous metal skeletons produced by powder metallurgy methods, including 3D printing, under a pressure gradient was...     

A review on ultrasonic spot welding of copper alloys

As a solid state joining process, ultrasonic spot welding has been proven to be a promising technique for joining copper alloys. However, challenges still remain in employing ultrasonic spot welding to join copper alloys. This article comprehensively reviews the current state of ultrasonic spot welding of copper alloys with a number of critical issues including materials flow, plastic deformation, temperature distribution, vibration, relative motion, vertical displacement, interface friction coefficient, online monitoring technique, coupled with the macrostructure and microstructure, the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. In addition, the future trends in this field are provided.     

A Method of Transferring the Unit of Power of High-Intensity Laser Radiation

Measurement Techniques - A method is proposed for transferring the unit of mean power of laser radiation by means of measuring high-intensity power (kilowatts), with the possibility of constant...     

MACBHA: Modified Adaptive Cluster-Based Heuristic Approach with Co-operative Spectrum Sensing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Personal Communications - In the fusion experiment, sensitive radio frequency signal diagnostic instruments need to be protected against high power stray radiation coming from the Electron...