Cytotoxic activity of platelets and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from oncology patients and healthy donors

Testicular germ cell tumour is said to be a model for curable neoplasm. However, the prognosis of primary extragonadal germ cell tumour does not appear to be as promising. Though similar in histology, the biology of primary extragonadal germ cell tumour is different as exemplified by the patients in this review. Eight patients with primary mediastinal germ cell tumours were treated with intensive cisplatin-based chemotherapy. All, except one, had non-seminomatous components. The poor prognosis of mediastinal germ cell tumour is due to a combination of poor treatment results with the cisplatin-based regimen and the development of non-germ cell and haematological malignancies.     

Effect of pH on tobacco anionic peroxidase stability and its interaction with hydrogen peroxide

The dendritic localization of mRNAs has been proposed to underlie the structural and functional polarity of neurons, as well as certain aspects of synaptic plasticity. Even though there is no conclusive evidence that such a localization is a physiological requirement, studies of mRNA localization in relation to function in other cell types and recent experiments on synaptic plasticity suggest that this proposal may be correct.     

BRCA1 mutations in southern England

If genetic testing for breast and ovarian cancer predisposition is to become available within a public health care system there needs to be a rational and cost-effective approach to mutation analysis. We have screened for BRCA1 mutations in 230 women with breast cancer, all from the Wessex region of southern England, in order to establish the parameters on which to base a cost-effective regional mutation analysis strategy. Truncating mutations were detected in 10/155 (6.5%) consecutive cases selected only for diagnosis under the age of 40 (nine of these ten women had a strong family history of breast or ovarian cancer), 3/61 (4.9%) bilateral-breast cancer cases (all three mutations occurring among women for whom the first cancer was diagnosed under 40 years) and 8/30 (26.6%) breast cancer cases presenting to the genetics clinic (for whom a strong family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer was present). Ten different mutations were detected in 17 families, but three of these accounted for 10/17 (59%) of the families. The cost of screening the population for mutations in the entire BRCA1 gene is unacceptably high. However, the cost of screening a carefully selected patient cohort is low, the risk of misinterpretation much less and the potential clinical benefits clearer.     

Confidence-accuracy inversions in scene recognition: a remember-know analysis

S. E. Clark (1997) offered a modified signal-detection explanation of the confidence-accuracy inversions observed in E. Tulving's (1981) experiments. In addition to replicating E. Tulving (1981), we had participants make "remember-familiar" judgments. Confidence and accuracy dissociated across subjective reports. Response confidence differed only for judgments based on familiarity, whereas accuracy differed only for "remember" responses. S. E. Clark's model does not predict this, nor can it mimic "remember" performance across all conditions. We propose that although "knowing" can be accommodated within an equal variance signal-detection account, "remembering" is governed by contextual constraints that influence the distinctiveness of information upon which participants rely during reports. The current paradigm is a pictorial analogue to H. L. Roediger and K. B. McDermott's paradigm (1995) in that participants claim to explicitly remember thematically related items that were not actually seen during study.     

Central GABAA and GABAB receptor modulation of basal and stress-induced plasma interleukin-6 levels in mice

The development of control strategies for loiasis is of crucial importance in endemic areas and depends heavily on the accurate identification of occult-infected individuals. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) were developed and based on sequences of the repeat 3 region (15r3) of the gene encoding a Loa loa 15-kD protein. The assays was performed on 20 blood samples from occult-infected subjects and 30 from field-collected amicrofilaremic individuals. The size of the initial PCR product was 396 basepairs (bp). When this initial amplification using primers 15r3(1) and 15r3(2) was carried out for 30 cycles, the PCR products from three of the 20 occult-infected and five of the 30 amicrofilaremic individuals were visualized after electrophoresis by staining the gel with ethidium bromide. Subsequent Southern blotting and hybridization with the specific probe revealed hybridization in 19 of 20 occult-infected and 23 of 30 amicrofilaremic samples but only after two days of exposure of the blot to the x-ray film. When the nested PCR was carried out (product size = 366 bp, primers 15r3(3) and 15r3(4)), 19 of 20 occult-infected and 23 of 30 amicrofilaremic samples that were positive by Southern hybridization of the initial PCR products were strongly positive by staining with ethidium bromide. Qualitative Southern blotting of the nested PCR products using the same probe previously described confirmed the ethidium bromide staining results after a very short exposure time of 4 hr. These results demonstrate that the nested PCR amplification product is specific and that its sensitivity in detecting occult loiasis is 95%. This approach has significant promise for the screening of large human populations for active loiasis without the requirement for blotting and hybridization of the PCR products.     

Thiol-linked peroxidase activity of human ceruloplasmin

Human ceruloplasmin exhibited different antioxidant effects according to the electron donors in a metal-catalyzed oxidation system. Purified ceruloplasmin did not play a significant role in the protection of DNA strand breaks in the ascorbate/Fe3+/O2 system. However, when ascorbates were replaced with a thiol-reducing equivalent such as dithiothreitol, DNA strand breaks were significantly prevented by the same amount of ceruloplasmin. Ceruloplasmin did not catalyze the decomposition of H2O2 in the absence of reduced glutathione. On the contrary, ceruloplasmin showed a potent peroxidase ability to destroy H2O2 in the presence of reduced glutathione. In conclusion, the removal of H2O2 by human ceruloplasmin is not simply stoichiometric but thiol-dependent.     

Natural killer and lymphokine-activated cytotoxicity following anaesthesia in patients with uveal malignant melanoma

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the pattern of health care utilization of people aged 55-74 years with arthritic pain in the knee or hip. DESIGN: People with current pain were identified in a population-based study. A filter model was used to describe the pattern of health care utilization of people who presented as patients at different levels (GPs or specialist) of the health care system in the Netherlands. SETTING: The study was carried out in the district of Ommoord in Rotterdam in an age- and gender-representative sample of 831 (response 83%; n = 691) people. STUDY PARTICIPANTS: A group of 186 people with current pain was identified. They completed a questionnaire and were interviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Background variables, illness-related variables (including radiological osteoarthritis), and self-reported diagnoses were described and compared for attenders and non-attenders of GPs and specialists. A reference group of patients of GPs was used to determine the validity and generalizability of the findings. RESULTS: Eighty-two per cent consulted a GP (passed filter 1). In 69% of the GP attenders, 'arthritis' was identified (passed filter 2), and 65% of them attended a specialist (passed filter 3). People who did not pass the various filters were different from those who did with respect to the body mass index (lower; OR 1.24), the chronicity of pain (less chronic pain; OR 4.9) and attendance of a physiotherapist (lower; OR 5.6). The chronicity of pain seems of more importance in determining the health care utilization pattern than the severity of pain, the level of disability or the presence of radiological osteoarthritis. We suggest that health promotion interventions could increase the self-management ability of patients and could lower costs.