Numerical simulation of the extraction of ions from a magnetized plasma

The extraction of ions from a magnetized plasma in laser isotope separation systems is analyzed using one-dimensional, time-dependent equations of two-fluid magnetohydrodynamics. It is suggested that electron emission from the cathode may be used to compensate for the ion space charge which limits the rate of extraction. It is shown that at an accelerating voltage of 25 V and an emission current of 2.5 mA/cm², a plasma with a density of 10¹¹ cm⁻³ is accelerated to a velocity of 1.5×10⁵ cm/s in 3 μs. In this case, the maximum temperature of the plasma electron component does not exceed 1.5 eV. Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 23, 42–46 (April 26, 199)     

Management of patients with pyogenic complications of long bones open fractures

122 patients with purulent complications of open diaphyseal fractures of long bones were treated. Comparative analysis of different surgical methods for treatment of pyogenic complications has shown that the most effective method is one of active sanation of the area of inflammation with the use of combined drainage ensured successful and steady decrease of pyogenic process (follow-up up to 4 years, 89.7% of patients). The drainage provides stable fixation of bones fragments by dipped fixators until consolidation of the fracture. It also promotes repain of residual diaphyseal defects without application of complicated plastic methods.     

The biological compatibility of the new noble alloy Superpal for metal-ceramic dentures

Toxic characteristics of Superpal, a dental palladium-based alloy for cermet dentures, were studied in a chronic experiment on 20 rats to which it was subcutaneously implanted. Analysis of histological findings, blood biochemistry, mast cell degranulation test, summarization of subthreshold pulses, and the micronucleus test showed that Superpal alloy is biologically inert, nontoxic, exerts no sensitizing and mutagenic effects, and may be used for making cement dentures.     

Combustion of porous compositions with low gas content

Chernogolovka. Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 84–91, September–October, 1991.     

Production and some structural characteristics of ultrafine systems

Conclusions All the methods examined enable ultrafine materials to be produced, generally characterized by a crystallite size of 100–200 Å. X-ray diffraction spectra indicate that such systems have atomic crystal structures with short-range order and a limited long-range order extending over distances commensurable with the size of coherent-scattering regions.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 9 (225), pp. 10–14, September, 1981.     

The methodological aspects of experimental modelling and of assessing the hereditary sequelae of the irradiation of one and both parents

The paper summarises some methodological approaches which may be used in experimental modelling and study of hereditary radiation effects in mammals. These approaches are aimed to the elucidation of the possible specific character (aggravation) of radiation damage in the offspring determined by the participation of two exposed parents in conception. The main attention is drawn to the dependence of hereditary radiation effects yield on the stages of the cell cycle of the parent germ cells at the moment of exposure and to criteria of evaluation of radiation damage in the offspring during the ontogenetic development.