Two-way cell traffic between mother and fetus: biologic and clinical implications

The bilateral trafficking of nucleated cells between the fetus and the mother was studied using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based systems sensitive enough to detect 1 target cell in 100,000 background cells. Sixty-six mother-baby pairs were recruited; maternal and cord blood samples were collected at delivery for DNA extraction. Cell trafficking was studied in informative cases using PCR-genotyping of polymorphic regions in the beta-globin cluster, the glutathione S-transferase M1 locus and the angiotensin converting enzyme gene. In addition, Y-PCR was also used in conjunction with these systems for the detection of fetal cells in maternal circulation. Fetal cells were detected in maternal peripheral blood in 26 of 51 cases whereas maternal cells were detected in 16 of 38 fetal umbilical cord blood samples. The proportion of umbilical samples with detectable maternal sequences was much higher than previously reported. In the 28 cases informative for both mother and baby, there was no obvious correlation between the cell traffic from mother to baby as compared to that from baby to mother. These findings may have implications for the use of cord blood for bone marrow transplantation, the vertical transmission of infectious agents, and the physiology of the feto-maternal relationship.     

Anatomic orthotopic heart transplantation: the surgical characteristics and the advantages of the method

Standard technique of establishment of interatrial anastomoses allows to carry out orthotopic transplantation of the heart quickly and reliably. However the accumulation of collective experience evidences about a number of unavoidable shortcomings of such operation: rhythm disturbances, worsening of hemodynamics in discordant atrial contractions of recipient and donor, atrio-ventricular valve insufficiency, thromboembolism, coronary fistulas. Since 1990 in RRCS 25 operations were carried out with the use of standard technique and we also met with the risk of developing the above complications. In experiment on 30 mongrel dogs the technique of anatomical, truly orthotopic transplantation of the heart with six anastomoses was developed: left pulmonary veins with a common cuff, separate anastomoses of the superior and inferior caval veins, anastomoses of aorta and pulmonary artery. Particular attention was paid to developing of original surgical modes for prophylaxis of stenoses in the area of anastomoses of pulmonary and caval veins. In 1997 the anatomical technique of heart transplantation was successfully introduced by us into clinical practice. Clinical electrophysiological, echocardiographic and functional examinations have confirmed the results of the experiments and have evidenced for substantial advantages of the anatomical technique of orthotopic transplantation of the heart. By reliability the new operation is not inferior to standard method of N. Shumway.     

端面凸轮传动医用微动装置的设计和动力学分析

介绍了一种长骨干骨折治疗动，通过外固定架钢钉对骨折段施加载荷速骨折愈合。端面凸轮，即凸轮的工作面轮的材料可以采用工程塑料，如聚四氯乙率较高。对凸轮推程进行了模型分析，验用微动装置的设计方案。该装置采用微型直流减速电机和端面凸轮，从而定量地控制骨折端的微动幅度和频率，促进骨痴的形成和钙化，在圆柱端面，端面凸轮传动结构紧凑，工作可靠。当传递的力较小时。烯塑料。聚四氯乙烯与钢从动件的摩擦系数很小，仅为0．05，因此传动算了微动装置的传动效率和输出力。传加凸效     

Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern in the eye muscles. Deviation in myopia

The lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns in 46 extraocular eye muscle samples removed at surgery for squint were determined by acrylamide-gel electrophoresis and reduction of NAD coupled with formazan reaction. Muscle type subunits predominated in the isoenzymes of the medial and lateral rectus muscles of emmetropic and hypermetropic eyes, whereas heart type subunits predominated in those of myopic eyes.     

Combined anesthesia in minor proctological operations

We report our experience with epidural morphine analgesia. Morphine 2-3 mg in 10-15 ml 0.9% saline was given to patients after abdominal surgery, patients with terminal carcinoma and patients with multiple fractured ribs. Mean duration of analgesia was 14 hours and was not accompanied by severe complications.