Effects of subfornical organ extracts of salt-water balance in the rat

The subfornical organ (SFO) is regarded as a neurosecretory structure but no information is available on the nature or biological effects of the secretory products(s). Supernatants of water homogenates of rat SFO were lyophilized and reconsittuted in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Intracerebroventricular (IVT), but not subcutaneous, administration of this material to rats produced diuresis, natriuresis and kaliuresis in the following 8 h daylight period. During the overnight cycle, consummatory behavior and excretion of sodium and potassium were reduced. Similar responses were obtained after IVT administration of cerebellar cortex (CB) or large amounts of plasma. SFO, CB and cerebral cortex (CC) were incubated in potassium-enriched CSF to enhance release of secretory products. Urine volume was increased 8 h after IVT injection of SFO media; in the overnight cycle, food consumption, absolute urinary sodium and potassium, and [Na+-a1 were reduced. These effects were not produced by IVT injection of CC or CB media, or equal amounts of plasma proteins. Additional experiments demonstrated that choroid plexi and SFO effects were similar and that the active SFO material was dialyzable and thermal stable. These data suggest that SFO contains a water-soluble substance which is released into a posassium-enriched medium. The material is heat stable, has a relatively low molecular weight, and alters salt-water balance after injection into ventricular cerebrospinal fluid.     

MgCl2‐supported TiCl4 catalysts containing diethyl norbornene‐2,3‐dicarboxylate internal electron donor for 1‐butene polymerization: Effects of internal electron donor configuration

Three isomeric 5‐norbornene‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester (NDDE) with endo‐, exo‐, and trans‐configuration have been synthesized and employed as internal electron donors (IED) in 1‐butene polymerization over magnesium chloride supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts. It was found that the configuration of NDDE plays a key role in tuning the catalyst activity, stereospecificity, molecular weight (MW), and polydispersity index (PDI) of resulting poly(1‐butene). The type of catalyst with cis‐5‐norbornene‐endo‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester as IED shows the highest catalyst activity, while catalyst with trans‐NDDE as IED yields the poly(1‐butene) with the highest MW and the most broad PDI. IR results showed that the NDDE with endo‐, exo‐, and trans‐configuration have different coordination way to MgCl₂, subsequently affecting the catalysts performance. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40758.     

Threonine overproduction in yeast strains carrying the HOM3-R2 mutant allele under the control of different inducible promoters

PURPOSE: The membrane permeability clearance and intrinsic metabolic clearance of a drug in the liver were estimated using isolated rat hepatocytes, and the rate-limiting step in the overall intrinsic clearance of the drug in vivo was investigated. For this purpose, an anti-dementia drug, (S)-(-)-2,8-dimethyl-3-methylene-1-oxa-8-azaspiro [4,5] decane-L-tartarate monohydrate (YM796) was used as a model drug. METHODS: The parent drug and its metabolites in both medium and cells were separated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The total amount of drug taken up by hepatocytes and the total amount of metabolites were plotted against the AUC of YM796 in the medium or cells to obtain the kinetic parameters. RESULTS: While the influx clearance (PS(inf)) through the sinusoidal membrane defined in terms of YM796 concentration in the medium was almost constant, irrespective of the concentration of YM796 in the medium, the intrinsic metabolic clearance (CL(int)) and the efflux clearance (PS(eff)) defined in terms of the total concentration of YM796 in the cells markedly decreased and increased, respectively, as the concentration of YM796 increased. The overall intrinsic metabolic clearance (CL(int,all), defined in terms of the YM796 concentration in the medium, corresponding to the hepatic intrinsic clearance obtained from the in vivo pharmacokinetic data on the drug, was comparable with PS(inf) at low concentrations of YM796. As the YM796 concentration increased, however, CL(int,all) fell markedly approaching CL(int). CONCLUSIONS: While, at low concentrations of YM796, CL(int,all) was predominantly affected by membrane permeability clearance, at high concentrations it was completely rate-determined by the intrinsic metabolic clearance because of the marked reduction in CL(int) resulting from the saturation of YM796 metabolism.     

Transplantation of Fu/HC-incompatible zooids in Botryllus schlosseri results in chimerism

The present authors have isolated FSH-regulated genes from primary granulosa cell cultures with or without Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) treatment using mRNA differential display. mRNA differential display consists of amplification of partial sequences of cDNAs (150-400 bp) corresponding to 3' ends of cellular messenger RNAs, and thus, generates 3' expressed sequence tags (3' ESTs). Five thousand cDNA bands were examined, among which the present authors have isolated and sequenced 16 different FSH-regulated products. These sequences were compared with those available in databases. Three of the sequences showed similarity to identified genes from other species (bovine NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4, Xenopus chromosome sequence-associated polypeptide E and transformation-sensitive protein IEF SSP) and four others with human ESTs. Regulation of the corresponding genes has been checked by RT-PCR since most of these are expressed at a low level. FSH-regulation was confirmed for 12 mRNAs (four down- and eight up-regulated). The present authors have also mapped 12 of these ESTs on porcine chromosomes regions using a somatic cell hybrid panel.     

端面凸轮传动医用微动装置的设计和动力学分析

介绍了一种长骨干骨折治疗动,通过外固定架钢钉对骨折段施加载荷速骨折愈合。端面凸轮,即凸轮的工作面轮的材料可以采用工程塑料,如聚四氯乙率较高。对凸轮推程进行了模型分析,验用微动装置的设计方案。该装置采用微型直流减速电机和端面凸轮,从而定量地控制骨折端的微动幅度和频率,促进骨痴的形成和钙化,在圆柱端面,端面凸轮传动结构紧凑,工作可靠。当传递的力较小时。烯塑料。聚四氯乙烯与钢从动件的摩擦系数很小,仅为0．05,因此传动算了微动装置的传动效率和输出力。传加凸效     

Water Sorption of Gliadin

Crude wheat gliadin from acetic acid solution showed lower water sorption by pulse and frontal Inverse Gas Chromatography methods as compared to a static method but the pulse data for a highly purified Ponca wheat gliadin from ethanol agreed with static data for crude gliadin. Use of ethanol for dissolving gliadins for IGC column preparation gave sorption equivalent to the static method whereas acetic acid-treated gliadin showed lower water uptake. Acetic acid may compete with water for hydrogen bonding sites on the protein or change the secondary structure to make some hydrophilic sites unavailable. The static method resulted in loss by diffusion of the sorbed acetic acid.     

Reverse transformation of ferrite and pearlite to austenite in an ultrafine-grained low-carbon steel fabricated by severe plastic deformation

Reverse transformation characteristics of a low-carbon steel consisting of ultrafine-grained (UFG) ferrite and severely deformed pearlite by severe plastic deformation were investigated and compared to those of the steel having coarse-grained (CG) ferrite and undeformed pearlite by austenitization and subsequent air cooling. Coarse-grained steel exhibited two serial transformation stages, i.e., pear-lite → austenite followed by ferrite → austenite. Contrarily, UFG steel transformed with the three serial stages, i.e., probably carbon-supersaturated ferrite → austenite, not-fully-dissolved pearlite → austenite, and ferrite → austenite transformations.     

Successful treatment of exsanguinating aortic injury from a fractured rib

A 57-year-old man presented in shock after a 15-foot fall from a ladder. A massive left hemothorax was present. He underwent prompt thoracotomy and was found to have a penetrating injury of the descending thoracic aorta caused by a fractured rib. Successful management of this type of aortic injury has not been previously reported.