The microsurgical treatment of large and giant aneurysms of the internal carotid artery located parasphenoidally

Internal carotid aneurysms in the ophthalmic area presents a challenge in cerebrovascular neurosurgery. The study was undertaken to provide evidence for the application of intravascular aspiration during direct surgical interventions and to outline their variants used at the N. N. Burdenko Institute of Neurosurgery. The study included 4 (3 females and 1 male) patients with large and giant internal carotid aneurysms of parasphenoidal site who were treated at the Institute. Clipping of the aneurysmal neck was made by employing intravascular blood aspiration from the aneurysm. The technique proved to be effective in proximal monitoring the carotid artery at surgery. It substantially reduced aneurysmal blood flow and wall tension, thus favouring aneurysmal dissection to make clipping.     

The stabilization of cortical evoked potentials during selective visual attention

The event-related potentials (ERP) to lateralized moving visual stimuli (administered to the right and to the left of the subject) were recorded in six derivations in eight healthy subjects during passive viewing and selective attention to one of the stimuli (the relevant one), which demanded precise and rapid motor reaction. It was shown that during the selective voluntary attention correlation between successive ERP was substantially higher than that under conditions of passive (involuntary) attention, i.e. the ERP in the occipital, parietal, and frontal derivations during voluntary attention were more stable. The less was correlation between the ERP at passive viewing, the greater was the difference between the values of correlation coefficients during selective and passive attention. It is suggested that role of selected attention consists in stabilization of activity of the cortical structures, which are involved in solving the behavioral task.     

Internal carotid artery narrowing in children with retropharyngeal lymphadenitis and abscess

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Our purpose was to describe the association between narrowing of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and retropharyngeal abscess in children. METHODS: Neck CT scans from 13 consecutive children with suppurative retropharyngeal lymphadenitis and abscess were evaluated retrospectively for asymmetric ICA diameters at the level of the abscess. Clinical status at the time of illness was established via a chart review. Twenty control CT scans obtained from pediatric patients with normal imaging findings were evaluated prospectively to determine symmetry and size of the ICA. RESULTS: Mean diameter of the normal ICA, contralateral to the retropharyngeal abscess, was 5 mm (range, 3-8 mm), while mean diameter ipsilateral to the abscess was 3 mm (range, 1-5 mm). The diameters of the normal and abnormal ICAs were statistically significantly different. All children were neurologically normal. The right and left ICAs in children with normal CT findings in the neck were symmetrical in diameter. CONCLUSION: Despite dramatic narrowing of the ICA ipsilateral to retropharyngeal lymphadenitis and abscess, no children in this series had neurologic deficits, suggesting that such narrowing is a common, benign, and, most likely, incidental imaging finding.     

0412-1961

利用前文的实验方法,本文研究铁液中Si,Nb活度的相互作用.为了使脱氧产物稳定,本文和前文不同,采用下列组装的定氧电池: Mo     

A framework of general instruments for multimedia art creation

In this paper, we propose a framework to develop general instruments for multimedia art creation. Recently, many attempts at creating multimedia art have been made with the aid of computer technology. However, a system for a certain artwork is usually dedicated to the artwork and cannot be applied to other artwork. After overviewing the prerequisites for a general multimedia instrument, we propose a framework for such a system. This framework is based on giving attention to common attributes among several multiple media. Moreover, we illustrate prototype instruments constructed in accordance with this framework. Finally, we show the results of an evaluative performance with the prototype instruments.     

Codevelopmental learning between human and humanoid robot using a dynamic neural-network model.

This paper examines characteristics of interactive learning between human tutors and a robot having a dynamic neural-network model, which is inspired by human parietal cortex functions. A humanoid robot, with a recurrent neural network that has a hierarchical structure, learns to manipulate objects. Robots learn tasks in repeated self-trials with the assistance of human interaction, which provides physical guidance until the tasks are mastered and learning is consolidated within the neural networks. Experimental results and the analyses showed the following: 1) codevelopmental shaping of task behaviors stems from interactions between the robot and a tutor; 2) dynamic structures for articulating and sequencing of behavior primitives are self-organized in the hierarchically organized network; and 3) such structures can afford both generalization and context dependency in generating skilled behaviors.     

Suppression of sidelobe levels for guided-wave acousto-optic tunable filters using weighted coupling

An analysis of guided-wave acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTFs) that employ simple acousto-optic (AO) weighted coupling techniques for sidelobe reduction and the calculated and experimental results from a specific example that involves only variation of the width of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) slot waveguide are presented. The calculations on single- and multi-stage AOTFs consisting of an optical channel waveguide and a SAW slot waveguide in LiNbO(3) substrate show that waveguide width weighting using generalized Hamming functions would provide significant improvement in sidelobe suppression. Calculated results together with the design, fabrication, and measured performance characteristics of a single-stage AOTF that utilizes a weighted-aperture SAW slot waveguide in YX-LiNbO(3) substrate at the optical wavelength of 1.55 mum and the acoustic center frequency of 175 MHz are reported. The measured sidelobe level is -13.6 dB and the measured FWHM bandwidth is 26 A, as compared to the theoretical values of -15.0 dB and 15 A, respectively. The RF drive power was measured to be 1.0 W at a mode-conversion efficiency of 100%     

七自由度气动人工肌肉机械手臂的设计及研究

设计了一种气动肌肉驱动的七自由度仿人机械手臂。肩部采用球绞形式,实现类人肩关节旋内／旋外、屈／伸及内收／外展三个自由度,旋转运动范围为-39．5～39．5°,屈伸运动范围为－44．5～44．5°,收展运动范围为0～35．0°。肘部和腕部均采用虎克铰形式,实现肘关节的屈／伸、旋内／旋外以及腕关节的内收／外展、屈／伸,其中肘关节旋转运动范围为～39．5～39．5°,屈伸运动范围为－60．5～32．5°;腕关节收展运动范围为～70．5～70．5°,抬伸运动范围为-39．5～39．5°。对机构进行了仿真分析,并搭建了手臂实物系统进行测试。实验结果表明,该手臂重量轻,受控性好,能够很好地实现人类关节的柔顺运动。     

基于内部流场分析的小型轴流风扇结构优化

采用孤立叶型设计法、CFD技术、遗传算法等理论,运用自编软件对某一轴流风扇轮毂比参数进行结构优化设计,优化目标为风扇流量。对比分析优化前后风扇内部流场,如风扇的静特性、叶片表面静压分布、子午面涡量分布等信息。由此验证优化方法的可行性．,并总结轮毂比参数对此风扇性能的影响。结果表明：优化后风扇叶片和轮毂表面减小了因涡流带来的能量损失,但叶顶间隙处的涡流增大,能量损失略有增大;在不同流量下,优化后风扇静压有不同程度的提高;优化后风扇的出口速度均比优化前大幅提高;风扇在额定工况下性能、静特性及内部流场都得到了很好的改善。