Analysis of magnesite — Spinel refractories after service in the roof of an open-hearth furnace

Conclusions Macroscopic and microscopic investigations of MShS refractories after service and direct observations of their behavior in the roof of open-hearth furnaces fired with oxygen-enriched fuel showed that MShS bricks containing 20 and 30% fused spinel are eroded by the sweating of the working surface.An increase in the spinel content of the mix for MShS refractories from 30 to 60% produces a tendency to erosion by spalling, the explanation being the reduced volumetric stability of the brick which manifests itself in aftershrinkage and distension as a result of the action of iron oxides.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 4, pp. 26–33, April, 1977.     

Studies in Germanium Oxide Systems: IV, Phase Equilibria in the System K,O-GeO,

Phase relations in the binary system K₂O-GeO₂ were determined by conventional quenching techniques. Three compounds, K₂O.2GeO₂, 3K₂O.11GeO₂, and K₂O.7GeO₂, exist in the composition range 65 to 100% GeOn. The compound 3K₂O.1lGeO₂ melts congruently at 1055°C, whereas K₂O.2GeO₂ and K₂O.7GeO₂ melt incongruently at 761° and 950°C, respectively. Thermal expansion data for the crystalline compounds are presented. The structure of potassium germanate glasses is discussed.     

Making magnesite roof refractories with additions of fused spinel

Conclusions The Nikitov Dolomite Combine has produced an industrial batch of magnesite — spinel roof products containing fused spinel in the batch. The experimental refractories have very high quality factors.Testing of these products in the roof of a large open-hearth furnace with intensive oxygen blow in the bath showed that their resistance is 19% higher than the resistance of roofs made from periclase — spinel brick in identical furnaces at the Krivoi Rog Metallurgical Factory (with a simultaneous increase in output of 3.1%)Translated from Ogneupory, No. 4, pp. 1–6, April, 1971.     

New Mechanism for Depositing Platinum,Palladium, and Rhodium on Iron Metal Collector

Metallurgist - The effect of using an iron metal collector (MC) instead of copper on the degree of extraction of platinum, palladium, and rhodium is investigated in processing ceramic-based...