Nonlinear stress properties of poly(styrene-block-butadiene-block-styrene) melt under elongational and shear deformation

Effects of block copolymerized structure on nonlinear stress properties under elongational and shear deformation were investigated. Samples used in this study were poly(styrene-block-butadiene-block-styrene) (SBS, weight rate of S/B = 40/60) and polystyrene (PS) as a reference. Tensile stress–strain and shear stress relaxation properties were measured at the molten state. SBS showed high elasticity after reaching the yield point under elongational deformation at room temperature. PS melt showed substantial tensile stress increase after the yield point as strain rates increased. However, SBS melt did not exhibit noticeable tensile stress rise at higher elongation, and this property was almost independent of strain rates. Stress relaxation experiments revealed that the damping function of SBS melt was more strain-softening than that of PS melt. The results suggested that the block copolymerized structure decreases melt elasticity under elongational and shear deformation. A transmission electron micrograph indicated that the lack of melt elasticity in SBS melt is caused by orientation of the lamellar structure toward the stretched direction during deformation. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Influence of Sb addition on Martensitic and Magnetic Transformation in β+γ Two-phase Based Co-Ni-Al Shape Memory Alloy

利用OM，SEM，EDX，XRD，DSC和VSM研究了用Sb替代Al对Co41Ni32Al27合金马氏体相变和磁性的影响．结果表明Co41Ni32Al26Sb1合金仍然生成L10型马氏体，其马氏体相变温度和Curie点与淬火温度成正比关系，淬火温度每升高10K，马氏体相变温度约提高9K，而Curie点约提高7．5K．相同淬火温度下Co41Ni32Al26Sb1合金的马氏体相变温度比Co41Ni32Al27合金约高70K，而Curie点也高出15K．Co41Ni32Al26Sb1在1623K热处理时出现共晶组织，发生部分熔化现象．特别重要的是C041Ni32A12eSbl合金的马氏体相变温度范围大幅度缩小，为20-28K，只有Co41Ni32Al27合金的一半，有利于获得大磁致应变．用平均s＋d总电子浓度和平均磁价电子数分别解释了马氏体相变温度和Curie点的变化．     

Ni-Ti系中γ、η、β相平衡的实验与热力学解析

采用实验和热力学解析的方法对Ｎｉ－Ｔｉ系中γ,η,β之间的相平衡进行了研究,图图为镍基高温合金的设计和组织控制提供基础数据。γ／γ＋η,η＋β／β相界与文献报道一致,但η相的存在区域有一定的万分范围,特别是γ＋η／η界面上钛的成分随温度而变化。     

Determination of phase equilibria in the Co-rich Co–Al–W ternary system with a diffusion-couple technique

Phase equilibria in the Co-rich Co–Al–W ternary system were determined with a unique diffusion-couple technique in which Co–27Al and Co–15W binary alloys (at. %) were first coupled for interdiffusion and then heat-treated for precipitation. After a diffusion process at 1300 °C for 20 h, concentration gradients of Al and W were formed in the γ-Co(A1) matrix in the vicinity of the coupled interface. After a heat treatment at 900 °C for 500 h the γ′-Co₃(Al,W)(L1₂) phase was formed with a coarsened shape in contact with the γ, CoAl(B2) and Co₃W(D0₁₉) phases. Additionally, it appeared with a submicron cuboidal shape within the γ matrix. After 2000 h, however, the coarsened γ′ phase became infrequent and the three phases of γ, CoAl and Co₃W came into frequent contact with each other. These results clearly demonstrate that the γ′ phase is metastable and the three phases of γ, CoAl and Co₃W are thermodynamically in equilibrium at 900 °C in the Co–Al–W ternary system.     

Oxidation Behavior of Si-C-O Fibers (Nicalon) under Oxygen Partial Pressures from 102 to 105 Pa at 1773 k

Polycarbosilane-derived SiC fibers (Nicalon) were oxidized at 1773 K under oxygen partial pressures from 10² to 10⁵ Pa. The effect of oxygen partial pressure on the oxidation behavior of the Nicalon fibers was investigated by examining mass change, surface composition, crystal phase, morphology, and tensile strength. The Nicalon fibers were passively oxidized under oxygen partial pressures of >2.5 ×10² Pa and actively oxidized under an oxygen partial pressure of 10² Pa. Under oxygen partial pressures from 2.5 × 10² to 10³ Pa, active oxidation occurred at the earliest stage of oxidation, resulting in the formation of both a silica film and a carbon intermediate layer. Although the unoxidized core retained considerable levels of strength under the passive-oxidation condition, fiber strength was lost under the active-oxidation condition.     

Ni-Al-Cr系富Ni区相平衡研究

用热扩散偶实验和热力学模型研究和计算了 Ｎｉ－Ａｌ－Ｃｒ系富 Ｎｉ区γ,ａ,γ’和β相的相平衡。用规则溶体和亚点阵模型计算了该体系９００℃－１３００℃区间的等温截面,计算结果与实验值相符合。     

Elongational viscosity for miscible and immiscible polymer blends. II. Blends with a small amount of UHMW polymer

The effect of miscibility on elongational viscosity of polymer blends was investigated in homogeneous, miscible, and immiscible states by the blend of 1.5 wt % of ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight (UHMW) polymer. The matrix polymer was either poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), or poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐styrene) (AS) that has a comparable elongational viscosity value. The homogeneous blend consisted of 98.5 wt % of PMMA and 1.5 wt % of UHMW–PMMA. The miscible blend was composed of AS and UHMW–PMMA at the same ratio. The immiscible blend was a combination of AS and UHMW–polystyrene (PS) at the same ratio. The strain‐hardening behavior of the different blends were compared with that of pure PMMA. It was demonstrated that 1.5 wt % of UHMW induces a strong strain‐hardening property in the homogeneous and miscible blends but was hardly changed in the immiscible blend. The optical microscope observation of the immiscible blend suggested that the UHMW domains were stretched, but that the degree of domain deformation was less than a given elongational strain. It was concluded that the strain‐hardening property is strongly affected by the miscibility of UHMW chain and matrix. The strong strain‐hardening property is caused by the deformation of the UHMW polymer. UHMW chains are stretched when they are entangled with surrounding polymers. However, UHMW chains in an immiscible state are not so deformed because of viscosity difference and no entanglements between domain and matrix. A smaller degree of UHMW chain deformation in immiscible state results in weaker strain‐hardening property. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 961–969, 1999     

Dissolution of oxidation-cured poly(carbosilane) fiber into polar organic solvents

The solubility of oxidation-cured polycarbosilane (PCS) fiber into benzene, tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetone, and ethanol was investigated. The solubility of the fiber in benzene and THF decreases as the curing temperature increases. The fiber cured at 433–463 K, however, shows higher solubility in acetone and ethanol than the original fiber and the fiber cured at 473 K. The remaining gels in benzene and THF keep their fibrous shape, while in acetone and ethanol often appear as swollen gels. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:261–265, 1997     

Elongational viscosity in the isothermal melt spinning of polypropylene

The elongational viscosity of polypropylene has been investigated by isothermal melt spinning, carried out over a range of experimental conditions. The filament diameter and the elongational force were measured for running filaments and the relationship between elongational viscosity and elongational strain rate reported. The elongational viscosity was observed to decrease in the vicinity of the spinneret and then remained constant before increasing along the thread line. An increase in elongational viscosity did not occur within the isothermal zone until the elongational flow was fully developed. The onset of an increase in elongational viscosity was determined from the constant total elongational strain. The degree of molecular orientation was also studied by birefringence measurements and was investigated as a function of elongational stress. At a high elongational stress, the relation between birefringence and elongational stress departed from linearity and exhibited a rapid increase which can be related to the increase in elongational viscosity.     

Maintenance of hepatocyte functions by coculture with bone marrow stromal cells

Rat hepatocytes and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were cocultured with the aim of maintaining differentiated hepatocyte functions. After BMSCs were expanded to a confluent monolayer, freshly isolated hepatocytes were cultured with them, separated by a semipermeable membrane. The BMSCs significantly increased the urea synthesis and albumin secretion activities of the hepatocytes. Conditioned medium prepared from a BMSC monoculture had the same effect. Further study showed that interleukin-6 was involved in the maintenance of urea synthesis and another factor in the maintenance of albumin secretion.