Going under to stay on top, revisited: Results of a colloquium on underground space utilization

This report summarizes the results of a three-day colloquium, held in Minnesota in July 1995, to address issues related to underground space utilization. The colloquium was convened by the Underground Space Center, with major support from the National Science Foundation, Directorate for Engineering, and the Federal Highway Administration.     

Computer-aided simulation for bone surgery

A system for evaluating bone deformities using a 3-D model directly recovered from 2-D images and for simulating surgery is described. It derives a 3-D object representation from only two X-ray images. It also offers user-friendly simulation of bone surgery with low-cost hardware and software. The system exhibits satisfactory behavior for reconstructing the bone shape, providing suitable data for the simulation and evaluation of bone surgery. Although the spline interpolation of the bone surface does not produce a realistic 3-D visualization of the tibia, which is used as an example, the reconstruction is useful in solving problems inherent in the pathology considered     

Characterization of solid-phase welds between Ti---6A1---2Sn---4Zr---2Mo---0.1Si and Ti---13.5A1---21.5Nb titanium aluminide

Dissimilar-alloy welds have been produced between Ti---6Al---2Sn---Z4---2Mo---0.1Si (wt. %) and Ti---13.5Al---21.5 NB (wt.%) titanium aluminde using the three different solid-phase welding processes that create significantly different thermo-mechanical conditions at the weld interface. Exposure to supertransus temperatures, appreciable deformation and rapid cooling of the weld interface region during linear-friction welding promote dynamic recrystallization of beta grains and beta decomposition to fine martensitic products. In contrast, diffusion welding at temperatures below the base metal beta transus temperatures and at relatively low pressures minimizes deformation and microstructural variations in the weld interface region relative to the unaffected base metal. During capacitor-discharge resistance spot welding, extremely rapid heating of the weld interface region to near-solidus temperatures, and subsequent rapid cooling, result in the formation of a metastable, ordered-beta microstructure in the Ti---s13.5Al---21.6Nb and fine alpha-prime martensite in the Ti---6Al---2Sn---4Zr---2Mo-0.1Si.     

Directions in processing of Tengizsk crude

Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 2–3, May, 1992.     

Identification and characterization of the murine homologue of CD22, a B lymphocyte-restricted adhesion molecule

The human B lymphocyte-specific Ag, CD22, is a cell adhesion molecule expressed on the surface during a narrow window of B cell development, coincident with surface IgD. A ligand for CD22 has recently been identified on human T cells as the low molecular mass isoform of the leukocyte common Ag, CD45RO. CD22 has been reported to function in the regulation of both T and B cell activation in vitro. In this study, we report the isolation and expression of a molecular cDNA clone encoding the murine homologue of CD22, mCD22. Within their predicted protein sequences, murine and human sequences overall have 62% identity, which includes 18 of 20 extracellular cysteines and six of six cytoplasmic tyrosines. BHK cells transfected with mCD22 cDNA specifically adhere to resting and activated T lymphocytes and in addition bound activated, but not resting, B cells. Five Th clones were analyzed for their ability to adhere to mCD22; two Th0 clones and one Th1 clone bound CD22+ BHK transfectants, but not all T cell clones bound CD22+ cells: another Th1 clone and a Th2 clone did not. mCD22+ BHK transfectants were also specifically bound by the B cell-specific mAb, NIM-R6, demonstrating that this mAb is specific for murine CD22. Human cell lines expressing the counter-receptors for human CD22 were also examined for adhesion to the murine CD22 homologue; the epitope responsible for B cell adhesion to CD22 is conserved, whereas the T cell epitope binding to CD22 is not. The cDNA and mAb to murine CD22 will be useful for defining the in vivo function of CD22.