Über die Ursache der Rißbildung beim Spannungsarmglühen von Schweißverbindungen aus warmfesten Feinkornbaustählen

Schweißsimulierende Wärmebehandlung des Stahls 22 NiMoCr3 7 und Auslagerung unter Spannung bei 620°C. Rasterelektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung der Feinstruktur der interkristallinen Bruchfläche, elektronenspektroskopische Bruchflächenanalyse mit Hilfe des ESCA-Verfahrens und Messung der lokalen Verformungsbeträge im Bereich der ehemaligen Austenitkorngrenzen.     

Uni-travelling-carrier photodiode performance with X-band modulation at high optical power

We have fabricated and characterized backside illuminated uni-travelling-carrier photodiodes (UTC-PDs) and obtained average photocurrents exceeding 140mA and very high peak-to-peak voltages of 7.4V over 50/spl Omega/ at 10Gb/s with no indication of reduced bandwidth. Nonlinear distortion at 10 GHz are also measured for high photocurrents, up to 140mA, while retaining third-order intercept point above 30dBm.     

Swedish energy advisers' perceptions regarding and suggestions for fulfilling homeowner expectations

Municipality energy advice services were re-introduced in Sweden in 1998 as a way of advising end-users, mainly owners of detached houses, on energy issues. In this paper, we investigate Swedish energy advisers' perceptions of homeowners' awareness of the energy advice service and their perceived ability to fulfil homeowners' expectations. Our study is based on a mail-in questionnaire survey conducted in 2009 and distributed to municipality energy advisers in all municipalities in Sweden. About 66% of the energy advisers responded. The results show that 43% of the energy advisers thought that fewer than 50% of the homeowners were aware of the service and that mass media advertisements and presentations at different organisations could improve homeowner awareness. Energy adviser attitudes, job satisfaction, and the perception that the advisers possessed up-to-date and good knowledge and sufficient financial resources to execute their duties had a significant influence on their perceived ability to fulfil homeowner expectations. Increased training in technical aspects of energy measures and increased financial support were the two measures most widely suggested as a means to improve energy advisers' performance.     

In-situ activation of hydrogen evolution in pH-neutral electrolytes by additions of multivalent cations

Activation of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in close to pH-neutral electrolytes can be achieved by addition of trivalent cations. This activation has been investigated using steady state polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chemical analysis of cathode films for yttrium. Several multivalent cations were included in this study, such as Al(III), Mg(II), Y(III), Sm(III), La(III) and Sc(III). In general the more acidic the metal ions the larger is the activation. Metal hydroxide films formed in the alkaline diffusion layer at the cathode surface can have a negative impact on the magnitude of this activation, and therefore complicate the interpretation of the results. The activation corresponds to a transport of metal ion complexes to the electrode surface and the reduction of bound ligand water to form hydrogen.     

Architecting automotive product lines: Industrial practice

This paper presents an in-depth view of how architects work with maintaining product line architectures at two internationally well-known automotive companies.