A Comparison of the Properties of Some Chloramphenicol and Neomycin Eye Ointments, Commercially Available in the U.K

The rheology, particle size distribution and drug release, measured by dissolution and agar diffusion techniques, of five B.P. Chloramphenicol Eye Ointments and three B.P. Neomycin Eye Ointments have been examined. All ointments showed structural breakdown during continuous shear rheology. Three chloramphenicol ointments displayed spur values whilst one neomycin ointment displayed a bulge on the up-curve of the rheogram. Mass median particle sizes ranged from 6.0 to 13.0 and 5.4 to 9.6 μm for the chloramphenicol and neomycin ointments respectively. Drug release similarly varied. By dissolution techniques the quantity of chloramphenicol that dissolved in 60 minutes ranged from 22 to 41 μg whilst agar diffusion studies produced drug releases which varied from 2.4 to 4.7 and 0.8 to 2.3 μg for the chloramphenicol and neomycin results respectively.     

SafeType: detecting type violations for type‐basedalias analysis of C

To improve the ability of compilers to determine alias relations in a program, the C standard restricts the types of expressions that may access objects in memory. In practice, however, many existing C programs do not conform to these restrictions, making type‐based alias analysis unsound for those programs. As a result, type‐based alias analysis is frequently disabled. Existing approaches for verifying type safety exist within larger frameworks designed to verify overall memory safety, requiring both static analysis and runtime checks. This paper describes the motivation for analyzing the safety of type‐based alias analysis independently; presents SafeType, a purely static approach to detection of violations of the C standard's restrictions on memory accesses; describes an implementation of SafeType in the IBM XL C compiler, with flow‐sensitive and context‐sensitive queries to handle variables with type void * ; evaluates that implementation, showing that it scales to programs with hundreds of thousands of lines of code; and uses SafeType to identify a previously unreported violation in the 470.lbm benchmark in SPEC CPU2006. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An evaluation of U.S. systems for facial composite production

Witness and victims of serious crime are normally requested to construct a facial composite of a suspect's face. While modern systems for constructing composites have been evaluated extensively in the U.K., this is not the case in the U.S. In the current work, two popular computerized systems in the US, FACES and Identikit 2000, were evaluated against a 'reference' system, PRO-fit, where performance is established. In experiment 1, witnesses constructed a composite with both PRO-fit and FACES using a realistic procedure. The resulting composites were very poorly named, but the PRO-fit emerged best in 'cued' naming and two supplementary measures: composite sorting; and likeness ratings. In experiment 2, PRO-fit was compared with Identikit 2000, a sketch-like feature system. Spontaneous naming was again very poor, but both cued naming and sorting suggested that the systems were similar. The results support previous findings that modern systems do not produce identifiable composites.     

Proof planning for strategy development

Proof planning extends the tactic-based theorem proving paradigm through the explicit representation of proof strategies. We see three key benefits to the proof planning approach to the development of proof strategies: flexibility, re-usability and synergy. Here we demonstrate these benefits in terms of reasoning about imperative programs where we reuse strategies developed previously for proof by mathematical induction. In particular, we focus upon strategies for automating the discovery of loop invariants. Our approach tightly couples the discovery of invariants with the process of patching proof strategy failures. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The bleaching of soybean oil. A spectrophotometric evaluation

Summary Bleaching results are evaluated spectrophotometrically by measuring the change in the absorbances at 455 and 670 (or 665) millimicrons, respectively. Three bleaching clays (one was activated) and two activated carbons were used for decolorizing soybean oils made break-free by either alkali refining or acetic anhydride water degumming. Bleaching times varied from 10 to 40 min. with 30 min. being used in the evaluations. Although bleaching at a temperature of 265°F. removed more color than bleaching at 125° or 220°F., the latter temperature was used in this study. Most of the bleaching was done under vacuum although using a nitrogen pressure of 50 p.s.i.g. removed more color. Results are expressed by Freundlich isotherms, and a bleaching chart for the control of plant bleaching is given. It is shown that in the bleaching of soybean oil primary consideration should be given to the removal of green pigment. Now with E. I. du Pont de Nemours Company Inc., Kinston, N. C.     

平版印刷法制作电致发光显示器的微型化电极布线

平板印刷柔性的电致发光显示器的交错对插的电极.根据电致发光的荧光粉颗粒尺寸的大小采用的不同的方法将其沉积.小颗粒荧光粉分子可以很容易地与印刷油墨混合.使用这种交错对插电极的柔性显示器不需要透明的导电氧化物作为阳极,容易实现大规模生产,造价低.这种显示器使用 ACEL 可以实现多色彩显示.ACEL 可以发射出从绿光到使用ZnS:Clu,X(X=Cl,Br,I)荧光粉的蓝光,或者是到使用ZnS:Cu,Mn荧光粉的橙光.此外,还可以使用颜色转换材料以产生其他颜色的光.     

An investigation of complex saline groundwater problems in the Permo Triassic sandstones of North West England

Long standing saline intrusion and connate saline groundwater problems are being studied in the Permo Triassic aquifers of North West England. This multidisciplinary study is being carried out to provide data for the evaluation of aquifer management options for the protection of valuable water resources.Major and minor ion chemistry determined from pore waters depth samples and pumped discharges are being examined in conjunction with isotope data. Geophysical logging and deep penetration surface resistivity techniques are helping to delineate saline water bodies. Packer tests down to depths of 400 metres are providing information on aquifer properties and saline water movement.     

Genomic heritability and genome-wide association analysis of anti-Müllerian hormone in Holstein dairy heifers

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is an ovarian growth factor that plays an important role in regulation of ovarian follicle growth. The objectives of this study were to estimate the genomic heritability of AMH and identify genomic regions associated with AMH production in a genome-wide association (GWA) analysis. Concentrations of AMH were determined in 2,905 dairy Holstein heifers genotyped using the Zoetis medium density panel (Zoetis Inclusions, Kalamazoo, MI) with 54,519 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers remaining after standard genotype quality control edits. A linear mixed model was used to model the random effects of sampling day and genomics on the logarithm of AMH. The genomic heritability (± standard error of the mean) of AMH was estimated to be 0.36 ± 0.03. Our GWA analysis inferred significant associations between AMH and 11 SNP markers on chromosome 11 and 1 SNP marker on chromosome 20. Annotated genes with significant associations were identified using the Ensembl genome database (version 88) of the cow genome (version UMD 3.1; https://www.ensembl.org/biomart). Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that 2 gene ontology (GO) terms were significantly enriched in the list of candidate genes: G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007186) and the detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050907). The estimated high heritability and previously established associations between AMH and ovarian follicular reserve, fertility, longevity, and superovulatory response in cattle implies that AMH could be used as a biomarker for genetic improvement of reproductive potential.     

A single ultrasound determination of ≥25 follicles ≥3 mm in diameter in dairy heifers is predictive of a reduced productive herd life

Fertility and productive herd life (time in herd after birth of first calf) are inferior in dairy cows with relatively low compared with intermediate but not high numbers of follicles growing during ovarian follicular waves. The present study, therefore, tested the hypothesis that fertility and productive herd life are lower in dairy heifers with high follicle numbers compared with age-matched herdmates with fewer follicles. To test this hypothesis, 11 to 15 mo old Holstein heifers were subjected to a single ultrasound measurement of the number of follicles ≥3 mm in diameter. Heifers were classified into a high- (≥25 follicles), mid- (16–24), or low-range (≤15) follicle number group (FNG). All heifers not removed from the herd before first calving (n = 408) had the opportunity to start their fifth or sixth lactation after birth of their first calf. During this time, performance and health parameters for each individual were recorded daily by herd managers. Results showed that heifers in the high-range FNG had a 180-d shorter productive herd life, reduced survival rate, and greater probability of being culled after birth of the first calf, as well as fewer lactations compared with heifers in the low-range FNG. Cows in the high-compared with the mid- or low-range FNG also had greater involuntary culling rates, days open, and services per conception, and lower pregnancy rates during the first, second, or third lactations. We concluded that dairy heifers with ≥25 follicles ≥3 mm in diameter have suboptimal fertility and a shorter productive herd life compared with herdmates with fewer follicles.     

Safe storage of Co2 together with improved oil recovery by Co2-enriched water injection

The 2007 IEA's World Energy Outlook report predicts that the world's energy needs will grow by 55% between 2005 and 2030, with fossil fuels accounting for 84% of this massive projected increase in energy demand. An undesired side effect of burning fossil fuels is carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission which is now widely believed to be responsible for the problem of global warming. Various strategies are being considered for addressing the increase in demand for energy and at the same time developing technologies to make energy greener by reducing CO₂ emissions.One of these strategies is to ‘capture’ produced CO₂ instead of releasing it into the atmosphere. Capturing CO₂ and its injection in oil reservoirs can lead to improved oil recovery as well as CO₂ retention and storage in these reservoirs. The technology is referred to as CCS (carbon capture and storage). Large point sources of CO₂ (e.g., coal-fired power plants) are particularly good candidates for capturing large volumes of CO₂. However, CO₂ capture from power plants is currently very expensive. In addition to high costs of CO₂ capture, the very low pressure of the flue gas (1 atm) and its low CO₂ content (typically 10-15%) contribute to the high cost of CO₂ capture from power plants and the subsequent compression. This makes conventional CO₂ flooding (which requires very large volumes of CO₂) uneconomical in many oil reservoirs around the world which would otherwise be suitable candidates for CO₂ injection. Alternative strategies are therefore needed to utilize smaller sources of CO₂ that are usually available around oil and gas fields and can be captured at lower costs (due to their higher pressure and higher CO₂ concentration).We investigate the potential of carbonated (CO₂-enriched) water injection (CWI) as an injection strategy for improving recovery from oil reservoirs with the added benefit of safe storage of CO₂. The performance of CWI was investigated by conducting high-pressure flow visualization as well as coreflood experiments at reservoir conditions. The results show that CWI significantly improves oil recovery from water flooded porous media. A relatively large fraction of the injected CO₂ was retained (stored) in the porous medium in the form of dissolved CO₂ in water and oil. The results clearly demonstrate the huge potential of CWI as a productive way of utilizing CO₂ for improving oil recovery and safe storage of potentially large cumulative quantities of CO₂.