Oxygen transfer coefficients by the dynamic method

Models useful in the dynamic method for K_La measurements are developed and compared. Particular attention is given to the gas phase dynamics and the oxygen electrode response time. Comparisons and error calculations are based on computer simulations. Correction factors are presented for a range of dimensionless parameters. In general, the errors resulting from neglecting the gas phase dynamics and the electrode response can be expected to be large.     

Chemicals from Methanol

For good reasons, there has been a spate of articles, much thinking, and a fair amount of industrial action on making chemicals and fuels from methanol, Only methane and methanol are made commercially in over 99% yields from synthesis gas.     

Computation of effective regge trajectories for high energy two-body reactions

Title of program: EFFECTIVE REGGE TRAJECTORIES Catalogue number: ABCE Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University of Belfast, N. Ireland (see application form in this issue). Computer: IBM 360/67; Installation: Northumbrian Universities Multiple Access Computer, Durham, UK Operating system or monitor under which the program is executed: MICHIGAN TERMINAL SYSTEM Programming language used: FORTRAN IV High speed storage required: 46K words. No. of bits in a word: 32 Is the program overlaid? No No. of magnetic tapes required: None What other peripherals are used? Card Reader; Line Printer No. of cards in combined program and test deck: 1381 Card punching code: EBCDIC     

3D Modeling of electromigration combined with thermal–mechanical effect for IC device and package

This paper studies the numerical simulation method for electromigration in IC device and solder joint in a package under the combination of high current density, thermal load and mechanical load. The three dimensional electromigration finite element model for IC device/interconnects and solder joint reliability are developed and tested. Numerical experiment is carried out to obtain the electrical, thermal and stress fields with the migration failure under high current density loads. The direct coupled analysis and in-direct coupled analysis that include electrical, thermal and stress fields are investigated and discussed. The viscoplastic ANAND constitutive material model with both SnPb and SnAgCu lead-free solder materials is considered in the paper. An IC device is studied to show the modeling methodology and the comparison with previous test data. A global CSP package with PCB is modeled using relative coarse elements. In order to reduce the computational costs and to improve the calculation accuracy, a refined mesh sub-model is constructed. The sub-model technique is studied in a direct and indirect coupled multiple fields. The comparison of voids generation through numerical example in this paper and previous experimental result is given.     

The future of 1984

George Orwell's 1984 is essentially about the future of technology, in particular, four technologies: the technology of surveillance, of behavior modification, of reclamation, and of newspeak. Practical issues that follow in the wake of Orwell's indictment of technology have to do with the predictive power of the work: how close has science fiction come to predicting socio-technical fact? Finally, Orwell raises the ethical issue of how scientists can identify the future consequences of their technologies and how they can be exonerated from these consequences.     

Indeterminacy of heritability of thought disorder: Reply to Matthysse and Holzman (1988).

The points raised by Matthysse and Holzman (1988) center around two major issues: (a) how to measure thought disorder and (b) how to think about its relation to schizophrenia and the etiology of that disorder. Some of the limitations that Matthysse and Holzman (1988) note appear to be based on misunderstandings of our (Berenbaum, Oltmanns, & Gottesman, 1985) methods, particularly what we were measuring and why we were measuring it. We, too, were surprised to find no evidence that these fundamental aspects of formal thought disorder are heritable. We do not know whether other anomalies of verbal communication are heritable. The issue must be resolved through further empirical investigation. Finally, some aspects of the model proposed by Matthysse and Holzman are open to serious question. The assumption that there is no relation between severity of illness and the underlying liability that precipitated the illness is most likely incorrect. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Obituary: Frank A. Beach (1911–1988).

Frank Beach was born in Emporia, Kansas, on April 13, 1911 and died in Berkeley, California, on June 15, 1988. During the intervening years, Beach emerged as one of the most significant biological psychologists of this century. His scientific contributions bridged three interwoven fields of study: behavioral endocrinology, sexual behavior, and the comparative study of animal behavior. His career took him from high school teaching, to Karl Lashley's Cambridge laboratory, to the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, to Yale University, and to the University of California, Berkeley. Beach wrote a lengthy term paper that was expanded into his pioneering monograph, Hormones and Behavior, which was published in 1948. This publication initiated the modern era of behavioral endocrinology. As a "co-founder" of this discipline (with W. C. Young), he initiated publication of the journal Hormones and Behavior and functioned until the end of his life as unofficial historian of this new field. Beach contributed to his science in virtually all of the ways that are open to a contemporary scholar. He carried out extensive programmatic research, published critical theoretical articles and monographs, taught several generations of students, and served on committees for a variety of professional scientific organizations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)