Impulse activity of visual cortex neurons at successive stages of instrumental behavior

Dynamics of spike activity of 62 units was studied in the projection visual area of the cerebral cortex in unrestrained cats during their performance of a conditioned alimentary instrumental reaction. Analysis of the activity of each unit was made at intervals from the beginning of the conditioned signal (light or sound) to the beginning of lapping milk which appeared in the feeding trough after the cat pressed the pedal. It has been found that the form of activity of the cortical unit greatly depends on the modality of the conditioned stimulus (light or sound). As to the final stages of instrumental behaviour and the achievment of the positive result, the degree of participation of cortical visual units in their formation does not depend on the modality of the conditioned signal.     

The systems organization of the breeding behavior of the moose in its natural habitat

The complex organisation of moose sexual interrelations in natural environment is analysed from the systems point of view. To achieve the useful result--the well-timed fertilization of the all matured females on the given territory by the most strongest males--every year in autumn the multiorganismic system of interaction is formed, including the correspondent behavioural activities of local receptive females and males of different strength and different age. This system includes the sub-system of "rang establishment" between the males (detecting the strongest males), which works mainly at the beginning of rut, and the sub-system of mating. The features of species-specific behaviour are described, which assist to animals mutual detection in the forest, as well as their specific communication during the rut. The special attention is devoted to the role of olfactory and acoustic signals. The details of the forming, existing and disintegration of stable breeding couples are discussed and the breeding ritual itself is described, which ensures the achievement of the synchronisation of high sexual excitation in male and female. By means of long distance bioradiotelemetry the dynamics of heart and breathing rate were investigated as the indicators of animals emotional states on the different stages of their sexual behaviour.     

Treatment of dysfunction of the auditory canal by finger massage of its pharyngeal opening in patients with chronic perforative otitis

With depressed function of the anticoagulation system in rats produced by their long-term maintenance on an atherogenic ration a rising fibrin-stabilizing activity of the XIII factor, by comparison with that in healthy animals and pertinent controls, is observed. A protracted administration to the animals with depressed function of the anticoagulation system of the compound "Linetol", that contains ethers of unsaturated fatty acids, given together with vitamin "A" results in a drastic fall of the factor XIII activity in the blood plasma with continued maintenance on the atherogenic diet.     

So-called "white bile" (clinico-experimental study)]

Based on clinical (37 cases of "white bile") and experimental (20 experiments) findings obtained by the authors, the characteristic of the so-called "white bile", observed in mechanic jaundice of various etiology, is given. It is pointed out that "white-bile" is the secretion of bile ducts and gallbladder mucous membrane--a colorless liquid, this secretion is permanently excreted and is a constant ingradient of colored bile while obturation of bile outflow ducts contributed only to its accumulation and detection.     

Analysis of genome rearrangements in Streptomyces kanamyceticus mutants

Sarcoma consisting of dendritic reticular cells is one of the histiocytic sarcoma variants. In the case reported sarcoma affected axillary lymph nodes in a 20-year-old male. The tumor was surgically removed but recurred 2 years after radiation and polychemotherapy. The recurrent tumor was also surgically removed. Histology of the primary and recurrent tumors was similar. The tumors were studied electron-microscopically and immunohistochemically.     

Dynamics of spontaneous beating of cardiomyocytes in vitro depend on the number of involved cells

The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the predominant pacemaker of the mammalian brain that generates and controls circadian rhythms of various endocrine and behavioral processes. Different lines of evidence suggest that stress interferes with the maintenance of such rhythms. As a first approach to investigate whether the neuropeptide arginine vasopressin (AVP), which shows circadian rhythms of synthesis and release within the SCN, might contribute to this stress-induced alterations in circadian rhythms, we monitored acute effects of swim stress on the intra-SCN release of AVP in male rats by means of the microdialysis technique. A 10-min forced swimming session triggered a marked but relatively short-lasting increase in the intranuclear release of AVP (to approx. 440%). This effect was restricted to the area containing predominantly somata and dendrites of vasopressinergic neurons, since no changes in AVP release could be measured in one of their major projection areas, the nucleus of the dorsomedial hypothalamus. Our data provide evidence that the amount of AVP released within the SCN can vary widely not only in accordance with AVP's intrinsically regulated circadian rhythm but also in response to a physiologically relevant stressor. In this way, the neuropeptide may contribute to the regulation of endocrine and behavioral rhythms particularly in challenging situations associated with resettings of the endogenous clock.