Coordination of arm movement during locomotion in Ophiuroidea

Ophiura Amphipholis kochii Lütken can move with any one of five arms directed forwards; therefore, each arm performs various functions during locomotion. The arm amputated together with the adjoining part of the central nervous ring is capable of complicated behaviour, particularly, of locomotion. Transection of the central nervous ring results in disturbances of the arms coordination. Experiments with amputation of a part of the arms showed that afferent signals from arms are important for determination of the leading arm and mode of locomotion. The experimental data suggest that each arm has an autonomous nervous centre, and coordinated activity of all arms is acheaved by an interaction of the nervous centres. The interaction results in function distribution among the arms and in synchronization of arm movements. The leading arm prevails, since the influences exerting by its centre determine activity of adjacent centres.     

Cast linings for the pony ladles of continuous steelcasting equipment

Conclusions A castable consisting of slow-degeneration quartzites, water glass, and a hardener in the form of refining slag from electric melting or slag from the ferrochromium division possesses good casting properties, fills the mold evenly, and has a hardening time sufficiently long for filling the mold and extracting the matrix. The erosion of the lining is slight and even, i.e., without pitting and accretions.The durability of a lining of a silica castable is better than that of a brick lining. At the Cherepovetsk Metallurgical Plant the predicted saving resulting from the introduction of cast linings will be 120,000 rubles per year.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 2, pp. 24–26, February, 1977.     

Amino acid composition of protein components of membranes during biogenesis of chloroplasts

In contrast with pepsin, pepsinogen does not bind pepstatin at pH values between 5.3 and 2.5. Pepsinogen is not retarded by pepstatin immobilized on to aminohexyl-Sepharose at pH5.3 or 4.1, whereas at pH3.0 activation takes place during the chromatography, with retardation of the resultant pepsin.     

Morphology on Convolution Lattices with Applications to the Slope Transform and Random Set Theory

This paper develops an abstract theory for mathematical morphology on complete lattices. It differs from previous work in this direction in the sense that it does not merely assume the existence of a binary operation on the underlying lattice. Rather, the starting point is the recognition of the fact that, in general, objects are only known through information resulting from a given collection of measurements, called evaluations. Such an abstract approach leads in a natural way to the concept of convolution lattice, where convolution has to be understood in the sense of an abstract Minkowski addition. The paper contains various examples. Two applications are treated in great detail, the morphological slope transform and random set theory.     

Re-operations after formerly performed suturing of the "silent" perforative duodenal ulcer

After the "silent" perforative duodenal ulcer closure the gap till the complications would occur, which need reoperation, by two times more than such period of time in patients with typical ulcer anamnesis, preceding the perforation. The reoperation causes are the recurrence (in 50.6% of observations), newly occurred ulcer (in 26.9%) or nonhealing of already existing (in 22.5%) duodenal ulcer. The reoperation method of choice is gastric resection according to Billroth-I in combination with truncal vagotomy in case of hypersecretory syndrome.     

Influence of Planetary-Gear Structure on the Load Distribution

A method is proposed for determining the load in the gear engagements of a multiflux planetary gear with flexible carrier jaws. The influence of the design and manufacturing errors of the mechanism on the pliability of its components and the nonuniformity of the load distribution over the satellites is determined.     

Algorithmic Foundations of Creation of an Intelligent Software Tool for Investigation and Solution of Cauchy Problems for Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations

Methods are proposed for computer investigation of properties of systems of ordinary differential equations. Based on these methods, algorithms are created for computation of the value of the integration step that provides the stability of a numerical method and obtaining its results with a preassigned accuracy. The components and modes of operation of an intelligent software tool supporting the proposed methods are presented.     

Mechanochemical activation as a tool of increasing catalytic activity

The role of structure–energy properties of mechanically induced defects in the crystal structure of heterogeneous catalysts is considered. The main concepts of the mechanochemical activation effect on the activity and selectivity of catalysts are discussed. The wasteless and energy-saving methods of preparation of some catalysts are presented. Rigorous experimental proofs of the influence of defects in the crystal structure of catalysts on their specific catalytic activity are obtained. High performance of mechanochemical catalysis application for hydrogenation, oxidation, amination and hydroalumination processes is shown. For the first time catalytic reactions under the conditions of mechanochemical activation at elevated temperature and increased pressure of gases are carried out.     

Phase transition of the new ferromagnet Cd<Subscript>1 - <Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>Mn<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>GeAs<Subscript>2</Subscript> at high pressures (0.9–4.7 GPa)

Pressure-dependent resistivity and Hall effect measurements indicate that p - type Cd_{1 - x}Mn_x GeAs₂ solid solutions with x = 0.06 and 0.18 undergo a high-pressure semiconductor-metal transition. The characteristic points of the phase transition are located, and its dynamics is analyzed in terms of the theory of mixed-phase systems.Translated from Neorganicheskie Materialy, Vol. 41, No. 1, 2005, pp. 11–14. Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Mollaev, Arslanov, Zalibekov, Marenkin, Novotortsev, Mikhailov, Molchanov.     

Long-wavelength light-emitting diodes (λ=3.4–3.9 µm) based on InAsSb/InAs heterostructures grown by vapor-phase epitaxy

InAs/InAs_0.93Sb_0.07/InAs heterostructures were grown by metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy in a horizontal reactor at atmospheric pressure. Based on the obtained structures, light-emitting diodes operating at λ=3.45 μm (T=77 K) and λ=3.95 μm (T=300 K) were fabricated. The room-temperature quantum efficiency of light-emitting diodes was 0.12%. __________ Translated from Fizika i Tekhnika Poluprovodnikov, Vol. 34, No. 12, 2000, pp. 1462–1467. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2000 by Zotova, Kizhaev, Molchanov, Popova, Yakovlev.