全文获取类型
收费全文 | 412095篇 |
免费 | 6542篇 |
国内免费 | 1383篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 7704篇 |
综合类 | 349篇 |
化学工业 | 62021篇 |
金属工艺 | 14285篇 |
机械仪表 | 11876篇 |
建筑科学 | 11636篇 |
矿业工程 | 869篇 |
能源动力 | 11117篇 |
轻工业 | 43798篇 |
水利工程 | 3312篇 |
石油天然气 | 1835篇 |
武器工业 | 13篇 |
无线电 | 55412篇 |
一般工业技术 | 76629篇 |
冶金工业 | 74958篇 |
原子能技术 | 5568篇 |
自动化技术 | 38638篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 2667篇 |
2019年 | 2435篇 |
2018年 | 3838篇 |
2017年 | 3903篇 |
2016年 | 4144篇 |
2015年 | 3426篇 |
2014年 | 5715篇 |
2013年 | 19280篇 |
2012年 | 10206篇 |
2011年 | 14687篇 |
2010年 | 11284篇 |
2009年 | 12890篇 |
2008年 | 13917篇 |
2007年 | 14287篇 |
2006年 | 12778篇 |
2005年 | 11961篇 |
2004年 | 11574篇 |
2003年 | 11281篇 |
2002年 | 10918篇 |
2001年 | 11135篇 |
2000年 | 10274篇 |
1999年 | 10771篇 |
1998年 | 24017篇 |
1997年 | 17589篇 |
1996年 | 13906篇 |
1995年 | 10981篇 |
1994年 | 9771篇 |
1993年 | 9358篇 |
1992年 | 7124篇 |
1991年 | 6792篇 |
1990年 | 6399篇 |
1989年 | 6111篇 |
1988年 | 5860篇 |
1987年 | 4886篇 |
1986年 | 4838篇 |
1985年 | 5980篇 |
1984年 | 5603篇 |
1983年 | 4832篇 |
1982年 | 4496篇 |
1981年 | 4447篇 |
1980年 | 4209篇 |
1979年 | 4080篇 |
1978年 | 3771篇 |
1977年 | 4548篇 |
1976年 | 6098篇 |
1975年 | 3116篇 |
1974年 | 3011篇 |
1973年 | 2890篇 |
1972年 | 2318篇 |
1971年 | 2003篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
171.
Ferrite particles coated with biocompatible phases can be used for hyperthermia treatment of cancer. We have synthesized substituted
calcium hexaferrite, which is not stable on its own but is stabilized with small substitution of La. Hexaferrite of chemical
composition (CaO)0.75(La203)0.20(Fe2O3)6 was prepared using citrate gel method. Hydroxyapatite was prepared by precipitating it from aqueous solution of Ca(NO3)2 and (NH4)2HPO4 maintaining pH above 11. Four different methods were used for coating of hydroxyapatite on ferrite particles. SEM with EDX
and X-ray diffraction analysis shows clear evidence of coating of hydroxyapatite on ferrite particles. These coated ferrite
particles exhibited coercive field up to 2 kOe, which could be made useful for hysteresis heating in hyperthermia. Studies
by culturing BHK-21 cells and WBC over the samples show evidence of biocompatibility. SEM micrographs and cell counts give
clear indication of cell growth on the surface of the sample. Finally coated ferrite particle was implanted in Kasaulli mouse
to test its biocompatibility. The magnetic properties and biocompatibility studies show that these hydroxyapatite coated ferrites
could be useful for hyperthermia. 相似文献
172.
Rogin J. Kouchev I. Brenna G. Tschopp D. Qiuting Huang 《Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of》2003,38(12):2239-2248
A 2-GHz direct-conversion receiver for wide-band code division multiple access (WCDMA) is presented. It includes two low-noise amplifiers (LNAs), an I/Q demodulator, and two sixth-order baseband channel select filters with programmable gain. Quadrature local oscillator (LO) signals are generated on chip in a frequency divider flip-flop. An external interstage filter between the LNAs rejects transmitter leakage to relax demodulator linearity requirements. A low-voltage demodulator topology improves linearity as well as demodulator output pole accuracy. The active-RC baseband filter uses a programmable servo loop for offset compensation and provides an adjacent channel rejection of 39 dB. Programmable gain over 71-dB range in 1-dB steps is merged with the filter to maximize dynamic range. An automatic on-chip frequency calibration scheme provides better than 1.5% corner frequency accuracy. The receiver is integrated in a 0.13-/spl mu/m CMOS process with metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors. Measured receiver performance includes a 6.5-dB noise figure, IIP2 of +27 dBm, and IIP3 of -8.6 dBm. Power consumption is 45 mW. 相似文献
173.
B. Pantchev P. Danesh K. Antonova B. Schmidt D. Grambole J. Baran 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》2003,14(10-12):751-752
The hydrogen content, its depth distribution, and its bonding configuration have been studied in hydrogenated amorphous silicon prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition with hydrogen-diluted silane. Nuclear reaction analysis and infrared spectroscopy were used to determine the total amount of hydrogen and its bonded component, respectively. It has been established that the total concentration of hydrogen does not depend on the film thickness, and has a uniform depth profile. The concentration of bonded hydrogen changes with the film thickness within the measurement accuracy. The data obtained suggest the presence of molecular (non-bonded) hydrogen, uniformly distributed in concentration across the film thickness. 相似文献
174.
Hook T.B. Brown J. Cottrell P. Adler E. Hoyniak D. Johnson J. Mann R. 《Electron Devices, IEEE Transactions on》2003,50(9):1946-1951
Lateral scattering of retrograde well implants is shown to have an effect on the threshold voltage of nearby devices. The threshold voltage of both NMOSFETs and PMOSFETs increases in magnitude for conventional retrograde wells, but for triple-well isolated NMOSFETs the threshold voltage decreases for narrow devices near the edge of the well. Electrical data, SIMS, and SUPREM4 simulations are shown that elucidate the phenomenon. 相似文献
175.
A.H. Gnauck S. Chandrasekhar P.J. Winzer 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》2006,18(5):697-699
We experimentally demonstrate a 10.7-Gb/s duobinary transmission system operating over a chromatic-dispersion range of /spl sim/12 000 ps/nm. Heterodyne detection and maximum-likelihood sequence estimation are employed to achieve this result. 相似文献
176.
Piedade M. Sousa L. A. de Almeida T. M. Germano J. da Costa B. A. Lemos J. M. Freitas P. P. Ferreira H. A. Cardoso F. A. 《IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. I, Regular papers》2006,53(11):2384-2395
This paper presents a hand-held microsystem based on new fully integrated magnetoresistive biochips for biomolecular recognition (DNA hybridization, antibody antigen interaction, etc.). Magnetoresistive chip surfaces are chemically treated, enabling the immobilization of probe biomolecules such as DNA or antibodies. Fluid handling is also integrated in the biochip. The proposed microsystem not only integrates the biochip, which is an array of 16times16 magnetoresistive sensors, but it also provides all the electronic circuitry for addressing and reading out each transducer. The proposed architecture and circuits were specifically designed for achieving a compact, programmable and portable microsystem. The microsystem also integrates a hand-held analyzer connected through a wireless channel. A prototype of the system was already developed and detection of magnetic nanoparticles was obtained. This indicates that the system may be used for magnetic label based bioassays 相似文献
177.
WiFi access point pricing as a dynamic game 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We study the economic interests of a wireless access point owner and his paying client, and model their interaction as a dynamic game. The key feature of this game is that the players have asymmetric information - the client knows more than the access provider. We find that if a client has a "web browser" utility function (a temporal utility function that grows linearly), it is a Nash equilibrium for the provider to charge the client a constant price per unit time. On the other hand, if the client has a "file transferor" utility function (a utility function that is a step function), the client would be unwilling to pay until the final time slot of the file transfer. We also study an expanded game where an access point sells to a reseller,which in turn sells to a mobile client and show that if the client has a web browser utility function, that constant price is a Nash equilibrium of the three player game. Finally, we study a two player game in which the access point does not know whether he faces a web browser or file transferor type client, and show conditions for which it is not a Nash equilibrium for the access point to maintain a constant price. 相似文献
178.
We report for the first time optical signal-to-noise penalties which lead to performance degradations in single-fiber long-reach optical access networks when compared to identical dual-fiber systems. A simplified architecture, with reduced optical amplifier count compared to previous work, for single-fiber operation of a symmetrical 10-Gb/s, 1024-way split, 110-km long-reach optical access network is presented and demonstrated. In addition, a possible solution to remove the optical signal-to-noise penalty is suggested 相似文献
179.
The objective of this study was to compare methane production and characteristics of digested material in anaerobic digestion concepts according to the Animal By-Products Regulation (ABP-Regulation) of the EC (hygienisation of biowaste for 1 hour at 70 degrees C, particle size < 12 mm) and Finnish national regulations (treatment temperature 55 degrees C, feeding interval 24 h, hydraulic retention time (HRT) 20 d, particle size < 40 mm) and with small variations in treatment methods for treating manure and biowaste. Moreover, the survival of three different salmonella bacteria in these processes was studied. Hygienisation of biowaste prior to digestion at 35 degrees C enhanced methane production by 14-18% compared to similar treatment without hygienisation. The differences in treatment temperature, HRT and hygienisation of biowaste prior to digestion did not significantly affect the characteristics of digested material. The concepts according to the ABP-Regulation and Finnish national regulations were effective in destroying salmonella bacteria to an undetectable level. 相似文献
180.
Bart J Kemps Flip R Bamelis Bart De Ketelaere Kristof Mertens Kokou Tona Eddy M Decuypere Josse G De Baerdemaeker 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2006,86(9):1399-1406
The objective of this research was to investigate the feasibility of visible transmission spectroscopy for the non‐destructive assessment of the freshness of an individual egg. A total of 600 intact white‐shelled eggs of the same flock (Lohmann, 40 weeks of age) were measured. To obtain a considerable variation in freshness, groups consisting of 60 eggs were stored (18 °C, 55% RH) for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 days. The non‐destructive spectral measurements were compared with the two most widely used destructive freshness parameters, namely Haugh units and albumen pH. A partial least squares (PLS1) model was built in order to predict Haugh units and pH of the albumen based on the transmission spectra. The correlation coefficients between the predicted value and the measured value were 0.842 and 0.867 for Haugh unit and pH of the albumen, respectively. These results show that the light transmission spectrum of an egg provides quantitative information about egg freshness. Relevant information concerning egg freshness is restricted to the interval between 570 and 750 nm. Furthermore, the models obtained for both destructive parameters were strikingly similar, indicating that Haugh unit and pH have the same physico‐chemical background. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献