Fatty acid composition of polar lipids in goats' milk

Silicic acid column chromatography was used to separate the polar lipids of goats' milk into glycolipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine plus phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin fractions. Each fraction was purified by column chromatography and its fatty acid profile determined by gas liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The glycerophospholipids each contained 18∶1 as the predominant fatty acid (∼45%). The sphingolipids contained a high percentage of long-chain saturated fatty acids (C₂₂ to C₂₄>45%); the glycolipid fraction also contained ca. 2% 2-hydroxy fatty acids. The data represent a comprehensive cross-sectional study of the major polar lipids found in goats' milks.     

Laboratory evaluation of 3-(5-tetrazolyl) penam, a new semisynthetic beta-lactam antibacterial agent with extended broad-spectrum activity

In the new agent 3-(5-tetrazolyl)penam, hereafter referred to as CP-35,587, the carboxyl function at C3 in the penicillin nucleus has been replaced with the 5-tetrazolyl moiety. Marked changes in spectrum and resistance to gram-negative beta-lactamases, particularly with regard to Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, were conferred by this modification. The anti-Klebsiella activity clearly distinguishes the antibacterial spectrum of CP-35,587 from any known broad-spectrum penicillin. Compared to orally active cephalosporins, the spectrum advantage of CP-35,587 encompasses Enterobacter, Serratia marcescens, Citrobacter, Providencia, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus faecalis, both in vitro and in murine infections produced by many of the above-named microorganisms. Thus, CP-35,587 combines and extends the antibacterial activity of broad-spectrum penicillins and orally active cephalosporins.     

Continuous dynamic monitoring of pressure and flow patterns during assisted ventilation

On curettage, done in a 39 year old patient because of metorrhagia, a peanut-sized nodule was scraped away from the endometrium. Histologically it consisted of a jumble of irregularly shaped portions of normal appearing embryonal cartilage, of tortuous thick-walled vessels, of twisted bundles of nerves of ducts of respiratory and intestinal epithelium, and of sheets of hornifying skin. The haphazard disarray of tissues supported the notion that the lesion was not a remnant of a malformed embryo. Step-sections through the lesion revealed no traces of placental villi or decidua in the surrounding endometrium. The following were considered as possible origins of the teratoma: 1. displaced germinal cells, 2. retention of pluripotent müllerian epithelium, 3. overaged or blighted ovum. The latter seems most compatible with the histological findings.     

Sarcoidosis with salivary gland involvement: biochemical studies on parotid saliva

Parotid saliva from a patient suffering from sarcoidosis with salivary gland involvement has been shown to have a decreased level of alpha-amylase but increased levels of albumin and lysozyme. These observations suggest that in addition to impaired gland function, gland damage as a result of inflammation had occurred which permitted increased passage of constituents from serum into the gland secretion.     

Interaction effects among cortical bone, cancellous bone, and periodontal membrane of natural teeth and implants

Following the initial successes of Goldberg and Gershkoff (Dental Digest, 5, 11, 1947) with the placement of subperiosteal implants, interest in all types of implants emerged. As an aid to the evaluation of various designs and materials without resorting to clinical testing, finite element analyses are being conducted by a number of researchers to determine the stress system induced in bone. The present study investigates the effects of variation in the thicknesses of the periodontal membrane and cortical bone and of the model boundary on the stresses developed around a natural tooth or a tooth-shaped implant. The results show that strong effects due to the variation in these parameters can be expected. As a consequence, the problem of the analysis of any single implant must consider additional factors. These can influence overall implant design and may eventually help to explain what could appear as anomalies in clinical test results.     

Biopterin derivatives in human body fluids and tissues

Levels of biopterin derivatives in urine, serum, milk, cerebrospinal fluid, brain, and liver have been measured with the Crithidia fasciculata assay. Normal levels in serum and urine have been given and compared with those in a number of benign and malignant proliferative disorders, phenylketonuria, kidney disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, controlled epilepsy, rheumatoid arthritis, and pernicious anaemia. The active component of Crithidia factor in serum was 7,8-dihydrobiopterin. Tissue, urine, and some serum samples contained two active materials, the principal one being 7,8-dihydrobiopterin; a minor constituent was probably tetrahydrobiopterin. Serum biopterin levels following methotrexate administration were raised and subsequent administration of folic acid and 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid further increased serum levels of biopterin derivatives; this was in contrast to the total absence of response to oral folates without prior methotrexate and to 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid either with or without methotrexate being given.     

Fine structural observations of sperm resorption in the seminal vesicle of a marine snail, Littorina scutulata (Gould, 1849)

The fine structure of the spermatogonium, spermatocyte and spermatid of a marine snail, Littorina sitkana is described. The ring centriole (annulus) is formed from the distal centriole and it migrates to the base of the mitochondrial region where it lies in a joint-like structure which is formed by an area of invaginated plasma membrane. The distal and proximal centrioles are at first perpendicular to each other but the proximal centriole rotates to a position coaxial with the distal centriole and fuses with it. The peripheral doublet fibers are continuous between the two centrioles but the central fibers originate only in the distal centriole. The acrosome differentiates from the proacrosomal granule which is derived from a Golgi body. Microtubules, present at this stage, may assist acrosomal formation. Chromatin condensation begins with the formation of fibrous strands, then to lamellar plates which become folded and later twisted around the flagellar shaft. In the final stages the lamellae appear in cross section as concentric rings which eventually fuse to form a homogeneously dense nuclear tube.     

Isolated tear of the anterior cruciate ligament: 5-year follow-up study

During the period 1967 to 1971, 64 cadets at the United States Military Academy, West Point, New York, had surgical repair for isolated tear of the anterior cruciate ligament. In a 5-year follow-up study to determine the functional impairment, present disability, and reinjury to the knee, 32 of the 64 patients were located and evaluated by radiographic examination and either by interview or by questionnaire. Twenty-two were commissioned to full duty. 23 had attended ranger or airborne school, and 16 had been in combat. Impairment of ordinary activities was noted by 12 and impairment of athletic endeavors by 24; pain by 71%; swelling by 66%; stiffness by 71%; and instability by 94%. Seventeen of the 32 had had a significant reinjury after the repair of the anterior cruciate ligament. Clinically, we can diagnose the isolated tear of the anterior cruciate ligament by four essential ingredients--a pop at time of injury, inability to continue participation, gross swelling of knee, and maximal swelling within 12 hr. The mechanism of injury is usually deceleration and change of direction, not contact with another player. The follow-up study on this small series indicates that the patients have progressive deterioration of the knee.