Pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses of palm and lauric products

The pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries are large and still growing. New products, astute marketing and sophisticated advertising have been very effective in these industries. They are more and more exacting and highly complex in their requirements. They require specification products with specific performance characteristics. The cosmetic industry and drug or pharmaceutical industries are defined. Information is given about the unique composition of palm and lauric oils which make them suitable raw materials for use in these applications. These two base oils are used in the form of triglycerides, whole fatty acids, fractionated fatty acids or fatty chemical derivatives. Information is given about these various ingredients, their use in specific cosmetic and pharmaceutical products and reasons for their use. Particular use is made of palmitic, stearic, myristic and short-chain fatty acids. The derivatives would include glycerine esters, monostearates, other monoglycerides, propylene glycol esters, polyglycerol esters, sorbitans and sorbitan ethylene oxide products, isopropyl palmitic and myristate. Specific powdered stearins and cocoa butter substitutes are used in various formulations. The production and marketing of ingredients for this industry are natural growths of the developing fatty acid industry in Malaysia and nearby countries of southeast Asia.     

冠带层新平台技术

子午线轮胎出现不久，就采用钢丝带束层代替了纤维带束层，这对于实现子午线轮胎提高使用寿命和改善操纵性能的潜能是必要的。     

A facile chemical synthesis of cholest-4-en-3-one. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectral properties of cholest-4-en-3-one and cholest-5-en-3-one

This paper presents a simplified method for the chemical synthesis of cholest-4-en-3-one, which is a naturally occurring steroid and a salient intermediate in steroid chemistry. Pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) in refluxing benzene has been found to be an effective and convenient reagent for the oxidation and concomitant isomerization of cholest-5-en-3β-ol (cholesterol) to cholest-4-en-3-one in high yield. Also described are the carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectral properties of cholest-4-en-3-one and of the isolated reaction intermediate cholest-5-en-3-one. Based on a paper presented at the Symposium on Plant and Fungal Sterols: Biosynthesis Metabolism and function held at the AOCS Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD, April 1990.     

A colorimetric determination of fatty acids as a new assay of lipases in reverse micelles

A new simple spectrophotometric method is described for the determination of the free fatty acid content in triglyceride oils or other lipophilic samples. The method utilizes phenol red as fatty acid indicator, which is solubilized phenol red as fatty acid indicator, which is solubilized in reverse micelles formed by AOT [sodiumbis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate] in isooctane. Fatty acid determinations in vegetable oils can be carried out rapidly with oil samples of less than 100 mg. The acid value of three different oils tested agreed quite well with the acid value obtained for the same samples with another colorimetric determination using cupric acetate. The method can be extended to a continuous determination of fatty acids which are released during the initial stage of a lipase catalyzed hydrolysis of triglyceride substrates in reverse micelles. This new sensitive lipase assay has been applied for a lipase ofPseudomonas bacteria with lipase concentrations as low as 0.1 μg/ml. Using trioctanoylglycerol as substrate in 50 mM AOT/isooctane with w_o=[H₂O]/[AOT]=11.1 (pH 9.0), the apparent overall Michaelis-Menten constant (K_m′app,ov) is 27 mM and the turnover number (k_cat) 44 sec⁻¹.     

Optimizing storage performance in public cloud platforms

Cloud computing is an elastic computing model where users can lease computing and storage resources on demand from a remote infrastructure.It is gaining popularity due to its low cost,high reliability,...     

A model for studying LCAT reaction: In vitro cholesterol esterification in pig ovarian follicular fluid

Phosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase or LCAT; EC 2.3.1.43) activity was found to be present in pig ovarian follicular fluid (POFF), in addition to pig serum (PS). The cholesterol esterification rate in both POFF and PS is linear with incubation time up to 2 hr. The mean absolute rate of POFF-cholesterol esterification was 8.1±0.4 nmoles per ml per hr approximately one-fourth of that in PS. However, the fractional rate (percent of labeled cholesterol esterified per hr) of POFF-cholesterol esterification was similar to that observed in PS. There was little variation of absolute rate of cholesterol esterification in the fluid obtained from different sizes of follicles. Fatty acid or triacylglycerol did not participate in the reaction of cholesterol esterification in POFF. No appreciable change in enzymatic activity was found from storing POFF at 4 C for periods of time up to 24 hr or at −70 C up to 2 months, but activity was lost thereafter. On the other hand, PS showed a much longer period of stability (5 days at 4 C and 9 months at −70 C). A discrepancy between the fatty acid composition of cholesteryl esters formed by the LCAT reaction and the fatty acid composition at the C-2 position of phosphatidylcholine led us to propose a two-step mechanism for the LCAT reaction. It is concluded that the LCAT of POFF, as well as that of plasma, is specific for individual fatty acids rather than for the fatty acid composition of phosphatidylcholine. The fatty acid concentration of lysophosphatidylcholine decreased during prolonged incubation times (6 to 21 hr) suggesting that the increased lysophosphatidylcholine formed as a product of the LCAT reaction may be reused as substrate for the LCAT reaction or for hydrolysis by lysophosphatidylcholine hydrolase. Presented at the AOCS Meeting, New York, May 1977.