全文获取类型
收费全文 | 25793篇 |
免费 | 816篇 |
国内免费 | 322篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 467篇 |
综合类 | 543篇 |
化学工业 | 3767篇 |
金属工艺 | 538篇 |
机械仪表 | 741篇 |
建筑科学 | 871篇 |
矿业工程 | 180篇 |
能源动力 | 571篇 |
轻工业 | 2156篇 |
水利工程 | 245篇 |
石油天然气 | 178篇 |
武器工业 | 27篇 |
无线电 | 2396篇 |
一般工业技术 | 2861篇 |
冶金工业 | 8315篇 |
原子能技术 | 176篇 |
自动化技术 | 2899篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 112篇 |
2022年 | 345篇 |
2021年 | 472篇 |
2020年 | 265篇 |
2019年 | 336篇 |
2018年 | 387篇 |
2017年 | 366篇 |
2016年 | 402篇 |
2015年 | 350篇 |
2014年 | 544篇 |
2013年 | 1039篇 |
2012年 | 803篇 |
2011年 | 995篇 |
2010年 | 755篇 |
2009年 | 829篇 |
2008年 | 824篇 |
2007年 | 832篇 |
2006年 | 731篇 |
2005年 | 618篇 |
2004年 | 690篇 |
2003年 | 915篇 |
2002年 | 1199篇 |
2001年 | 1022篇 |
2000年 | 603篇 |
1999年 | 694篇 |
1998年 | 2725篇 |
1997年 | 1619篇 |
1996年 | 1164篇 |
1995年 | 704篇 |
1994年 | 566篇 |
1993年 | 610篇 |
1992年 | 231篇 |
1991年 | 242篇 |
1990年 | 211篇 |
1989年 | 221篇 |
1988年 | 205篇 |
1987年 | 175篇 |
1986年 | 182篇 |
1985年 | 210篇 |
1984年 | 90篇 |
1983年 | 97篇 |
1982年 | 103篇 |
1981年 | 133篇 |
1980年 | 149篇 |
1979年 | 66篇 |
1978年 | 60篇 |
1977年 | 221篇 |
1976年 | 462篇 |
1975年 | 59篇 |
1973年 | 52篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
221.
T De Brito CR Carneiro MC Nakhle DM Lima CP Abrantes-Lemos M Sandoval AM Silva 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,6(4):368-376
Gene therapy has the potential to provide cancer treatments based on novel mechanisms of action with potentially low toxicities. This therapy may provide more effective control of loco-regional recurrence in diseases such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as well as systemic control of micrometastases. Despite current limitations, retroviral and adenoviral vectors can in certain circumstances provide an effective means of delivering therapeutic genes to tumour cells. Although multiple genes are involved in the process of carcinogenesis, mutations of the p53 gene are the most frequent abnormality identified in human tumours. Pre-clinical studies both in vitro and in vivo have shown that restoration of p53 function can induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Phase I clinical trials now show that p53 gene replacement therapy is feasible and safe using both retroviral and adenoviral vectors, and that it induces tumour regression in patients with advanced NSCLC and recurrent head and neck cancer. Other pre-clinical studies indicate that gene therapy may have useful synergy with cytotoxic and radiation therapy. This paper describes the different gene therapy strategies under investigation and the pre-clinical data that provides a rationale for the gene replacement approach, reviews clinical trial data and presents novel ideas for improving current vectors and gene delivery to tumours. 相似文献
222.
MG Seves MJ Brito S Lamy PV Luiz G Bastos M Faleiro J Batista JF De Sousa 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,11(7):631-634
Hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) patients often have nonmeasurable disease. In such patients, predictive biomarkers other than tumor response may be required to compare therapeutic effects. We examined the predictive value for survival of various clinical and laboratory parameters, including prostate-specific antigen (PSA), in HRPC patients treated with suramin. Data from 103 HRPC patients were analyzed using various survival analyses, the likelihood ratio approach, and logistic regression analyses. When pretreatment factors, percentage decrease in PSA at 4 weeks from start of treatment (deltaPSA), and updated survival data were fit by a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and deltaPSA were significant, with risk ratios close to 1. There was a decrease in likelihood ratio with increasing APSA. A logistic regression model was developed to predict the probability of <1 year of survival from the start of treatment. Hemoglobin and deltaPSA were found to be significant variables. However, in view of the complexities involving the relationship between PSA expression and prostate cancer growth and possible selective effect of treatment on PSA, further prospective testing is necessary. Therefore, deltaPSA cannot necessarily be used as a biomarker for survival response in individual patients during the evaluation of the therapeutic response of HRPC to new antineoplastic drugs. 相似文献
223.
F Venuta T De Giacomo EA Rendina C Ricci GF Coloni 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,66(5):1833-1834
Lung volume reduction has been performed in patients with advanced emphysema to relieve dyspnea and improve exercise tolerance. Median sternotomy and video-assisted thoracoscopy have been proposed as equally adequate approaches; however, prolonged postoperative air leakage is the most prevalent complication in all series. For this reason, on the basis of the experience achieved with the median sternotomy approach, buttressing of the suture line with different materials and techniques for space reduction have been proposed. We describe a technique to create a pleural tent after thoracoscopic volume reduction. The thoracoscopic creation of a pleural tent is feasible and results in a duration of postoperative air leaks and hospital stays similar to that achieved with stapler line buttressing. 相似文献
224.
B Nygaard L Hegedüs FN Bennedbaek A Veje JO Faber JE Hansen 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,160(37):5349-5352
Traditional treatment modalities of diffuse nontoxic goitre are thyroid hormone suppression or surgery. When treating nodular nontoxic goitre with 131I treatment, a reduction in thyroid volume to about 50% is seen. In the present study we evaluated the effect of 131I treatment in 21 patients treated for a diffuse nontoxic goitre and followed by evaluation of thyroid volume measured by ultrasound. Thyroid volume declined in all patients from median of 66 ml (range 27-160 ml) to 21 ml (9-108 ml) over a year, a reduction of 62%. Three patients developed hypothyroidism in the follow-up period (14%), one of these had a temporary hyperthyroid fase. In conclusion, 131I treatment of diffuse nontoxic goitre reduces thyroid volume by approximately 60% within 12 months. Hypothyroidism developed in 14% during a limited follow-up period. 相似文献
225.
226.
DD De La Tour D Raccah MF Jannot T Coste C Rougerie P Vague 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,41(9):1080-1084
The purpose of this study is to clarify the volume effect of epidural saline injection 20 min after spinal anesthesia. Thirty patients undergoing combined spinal and epidural anesthesia for orthopedic surgery were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (n = 15) and a saline group (n = 15). In the control group, 2% lidocaine 3 ml with 0.4% tetracaine was injected into the subarachnoid space from L 4-5 interspace using Durasafe (Becton Dickinson, USA) and saline was not injected into the epidural space. In the saline group, saline 10 ml was injected through an epidural catheter 20 min after spinal anesthesia. The levels of analgesia 20 min after spinal anesthesia were not significantly different between the groups. However, the levels of analgesia 3, 5, 10, 40 and 100 min after epidural saline injection in the saline group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The highest analgesic level was obtained 10 min after epidural saline injection and reached to T 4.3 +/- 1.1. In conclusion, epidural saline injection increases the analgesic level 20 min after spinal anesthesia because of the volume effect. 相似文献
227.
JE Max SL Koele SD Lindgren DA Robin WL Smith Y Sato S Arndt 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,79(8):893-899
BACKGROUND: In an effort to intensify osteosarcoma therapy, systemic ifosfamide was added pre- and postoperatively to an already aggressive three-drug regimen. In a subgroup of patients, loco-regional treatment intensification was attempted by using the intraarterial route to give cisplatin. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients < or = 40 years at diagnosis of a localised, de novo high-grade central extremity osteosarcoma were eligible for inclusion into study COSS-86 if registered within three weeks from biopsy. Doxorubicin, high-dose methotrexate, and cisplatin were given to all patients. Patients who fulfilled one or more of three defined high-risk criteria received early systemic treatment intensification by adding ifosfamide as the fourth agent. Preoperatively, these high-risk patients received cisplatin either intraarterially or intravenously. RESULTS: 171 eligible patients were entered, of which 128 were stratified into the high-risk group. When all 171 were analysed by intention-to-treat, actuarial overall and event-free survival rates at ten years were 72% and 66%, respectively. No benefit of intraarterial cisplatin application was detected. Cumulative treatment toxicity was considerable. CONCLUSIONS: In a multicenter setting, intensive treatment of osteosarcoma according to protocol COSS-86 led to long-term disease-free survival for two thirds of patients. We saw no benefit of using the intraarterial route to administer cisplatin. 相似文献
228.
229.
Ching-Te Chuang De V. Shih-Lien Lu Soumyanath K. Partovi H. Sakurai T. 《Design & Test of Computers, IEEE》1998,15(3):119-124
Microprocessor and other lC performance continues to improve at historic rates, with no visible end in sight for the next 10 years. However, we are starting to encounter a power wall. This is true for high-performance components as well as for low-power chips with a very limited energy budget offered by batteries. We need to find ways to manage power and energy consumption on all fronts-technology, design, and architecture-without compromising performance. Otherwise, we may face discontinuation of Moore's law for the semiconductor industry in the near future. This would be triggered not by any difficulty in the scaling of process technology but by formidable barriers posed by packaging and cooling, inefficacy of power delivery, and energy constraints dictated by battery technology, which is advancing at a very lukewarm pace 相似文献
230.
I Messana M Angeletti M Castagnola G De Sanctis E Di Stasio B Giardina S Pucciarelli M Coletta 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,273(25):15329-15334
The interaction of inositol hexakisphosphate (IHP) with oxygenated human adult hemoglobin (Hb) was investigated at 25 degreesC. The affinity of IHP for oxygenated Hb is strongly pH-dependent, and potentiometric measurements of proton uptake and release upon IHP addition have shown that over the range between pH 8.0 and pH 6.0 in oxygenated Hb there are three groups of residues that change their pKa values after IHP addition, likely because of their interaction with negative charges of the heterotropic effector. On the basis of previous calculations on the electrostatic properties of human Hb (Matthew, J. B., Hanania, G. I. H., and Gurd, F. R. N. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 1919-1928; Lee, A. W.-m., Karplus, M., Poyart, C., and Bursaux, E. (1988) Biochemistry 27, 1285-1301), two of these groups might be Val1beta and His143beta, which are located in the beta1beta2 dyad axis, where they have been also proposed to interact with 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, whereas the third group does not appear easily identifiable. Calorimetric measurements of the heat associated with IHP binding at different pH values over the same range indicate that IHP binding is mostly enthalpy-driven at pH < 7 and mostly entropy-driven at pH > 7. 相似文献