Anaerobic and aerobic responses of males and females to rope skipping

Six male and six female subjects performed maximal bicycle ergometer work and skipped rope at selected rates. Measures included oxygen uptake (VO2), oxygen debt (VO2 debt), blood lactate, and heart rate (HR). Mean values for males for the maximum test and while skipping at 120, 140, and 160 turns . min-1 were, respectively: VO2-50.2, 38.3, 39.7, and 44.3 ml . kg-1 . min-1; HR-185, 166, 168, and 178 beats . min-1; VO2 debt--5.70, 3.65, 3.50, and 4.04 liter; and lactate--12.7, 7.4, 7.6, and 9.2 mM . 1(-1). For females: VO2--42.8, 39.8, 39.4, and 39.4 ml . kg-1 . min-1; HR--185, 181, 181, and 181 beats . min-1; VO2 debt--4.71, 4.27, 4.22, and 4.15 liter; and lactate--11.5, 11.5, 12.2, and 11.9 mM . l-1. No significant differences were found between treatments for females for any measure. Rope skipping placed high demands on both aerobic (females, 92% VO2max, males, 76-88%) and anaerobic capacities (females, 100-106% lactate values after maximum bicycle exercise; males, 58-72%). In males, who did not reach VO2max during rope skipping, it was verified that the VO2 requirement does not increase with skipping rate over a relatively wide range, but that extremely high rates do require more energy from both aerobic and anaerobic sources. Differences in tolerance of males and females to rope skipping were attributed to the lower aerobic power and higher body fat of females.     

Muscle flaps and musculocutaneous flaps in the repair of urinary fistulas

Techniques for including muscle flaps and musculocutaneous flaps in the repair of difficult vesicocutaneous, urethrocutaneous, and vesicovaginal fistulas are described. These methods have been uniformly successful in 10 consecutive patients. The incorporation of such healthy, well-vascularized tissue into the standard techniques of urologic repair can be a major factor in the successful management of these problems.     

Ultrastructure of gastric myxofibroma with intracytoplasmic collagen

Electron microscopy of a small mass removed from the stomach of a 65-year-old women demonstrated a myxofibroma composed of a pure population of fibroblasts, many of which contained intracytoplasmic, membrane-bound collagen fibers similar to those found in a few other human tumors and in certain experimental conditions. This ultrastructural documentation supports the hypothesis that pure fibrous neoplasms of the stomach do occur. Electron microscopy of gastric mesenchymal tumors almost always allows for confident differentiation among fibrous, neural, and smooth muscle neoplasms.     

An appearance of genocide: a review of governmental family-planning program policies

An increasing number of newspaper and magazine articles in the black community are charging U.S. government family planning programs with genocide, largely due to the insensitivity of program administrators. A large reason for this is the fact that abortions are free but medicines cost money. Much of this is due to the fact that the pharmaceutical industry is a profit-making venture in the U.S., but the appearance is still given that officials are more interested in stopping black babies than in curing black children. The Report of the Commission on Population Growth and the American Future recommended spending 10 times as much on birth control as on maternal and child health services. Title 10 of the Public Health Services Act also focuses on low-income families as does Title 4-A of the Social Security Act. In the early 1970s many Office of Economic Opportunity centers asked for family planning funds, which were freely available, and used them for maternal and child health, which is what the poor really wanted. The poor also report they feel a subtle coercion when on welfare and are afraid voluntary abortion will be followed by compulsory sterilization. State and local family-planning policies, including a number of bills which would have required compulsory sterilization after a welfare mother had a certain number of illegitimate children have fueled concern. Fortunately none of these bills ever became law, but their very introduction raises genocide charges. A 1968 study of 10 counties in North Carolina revealed that discriminatory attitudes were directed toward disadvantaged, public assistance women regardless of color. It is recommended that family planning services be merged with maternal and child health services, which might result in increased use in a less emotionally charged atmosphere, and a sharp curtailment in use of public funds to sterilize minors. Abortion policy can be retained because, unlike sterilization, abortion respects the right of program participants to decide when and how many children should be born.     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the soft palate

Thirty-eight patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the soft palate treated between 1960 and 1975 were reviewed. Males in the seventh decade predominated. All symptomatic patients complained of sore throat and/or odynophagia. Seventy-eight percent were symptomatic less than three months. Approximately equal numbers of patients presented with T1, T2, and T3 tumors. Twenty-seven percent had cervical metastases when initially seen. The majority (89%) of patients were treated with radiation initially and the remainder (11%) received radiation therapy at the time of postsurgical recurrence with an absolute five year survival of 33%. Patients less than 60 years of age and those with small primary tumors and no neck metastases demonstrated better survival. Radiation therapy to the primary tumor and neck appears to be the preferred modality of initial treatment.