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31.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the level of satisfaction of physicians in provincial psychiatric hospitals with Review Boards (RBs) regarding Civil Commitment Certificates (CCCs), Certificates of Incompetence (COIs), and Treatment Orders (TOs). METHOD: A total of 200 survey questionnaires were distributed to physicians in provincial psychiatric hospitals. Ninety surveys (completed by 25 females, 45 males, and 20 unknown gender) were returned, representing a 45% return rate. Because of their assignments (for example, outpatient department), not all physicians were involved with RBs, and the return rate is likely to have been influenced by this factor. RESULTS: Physician satisfaction rates of 58.2% for CCCs, 66.7% for COIs, and 70.0% for TOs were obtained. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the level of physician satisfaction with RBs for CCCs was predicted best (44.7% of variance) by physician level of comfort with certification and years of institutional affiliation. Qualitative physician responses revealed 3 major themes: patient-related issues, physician-related issues, and RB structure- and process-related issues. CONCLUSIONS: Strategies that increase physician comfort level with RBs and changes in the medicolegal structure and process are discussed. A similar survey of patients and RB members is recommended. 相似文献
32.
K Hashimoto S Prada AP Lopez JG Hoyos M Escobar 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,15(5):360-366
The traditional rhomboid transposition flap has been widely used in reconstructive surgery. The authors have modified the original technique by eliminating the creation of the rhomboid defect and by directly transposing the flap into the original postexcisional defect. These changes allow maximum flexibility in flap design and minimize normal tissue loss. The authors retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients who underwent periocular reconstruction with flaps from 1990 through 1995. The authors selected those patients in whom the modified rhomboid flap was used. Functional and cosmetic results and complications were reviewed. Two hundred thirty-two patients were identified in whom 242 flaps were performed. The modified rhomboid flap was used in 101 patients (41.7%). Complications occurred in 23 patients (23%), 19 of whom (19%) were treated medically and four of whom (4%) required an additional surgical procedure. Cosmetic and functional results were classified as very good or excellent in 96 patients (96%). The use of a modified rhomboid flap in the reconstruction of the periocular area offers ample versatility in flap design and minimal normal tissue loss. Functional and cosmetic results are satisfactory in the vast majority of cases. 相似文献
33.
Postoperative ventilatory depression is common in patients who have received intravenous and inhalational anesthetic agents. Prompt assessment and treatment of ventilatory depression are essential to minimize morbidity and mortality. 相似文献
34.
OBJECTIVE: Multivariate statistical methods were used to identify patient-related variables that predicted length of stay in a single psychiatric facility. The study investigated whether these variables remained stable over time and could be used to provide individual physicians with data on length of stay adjusted for differences in clinical caseloads and to detect trends in the physicians' practice patterns. METHODS: Data on all patients discharged over two six-month periods were collected at an acute psychiatric inpatient facility. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were conducted on the two datasets. RESULTS: The results from both analyses revealed that five variables significantly predicted length of stay and were stable over time. They were a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia, the number of previous admissions, a primary diagnosis of a mood disorder, age, and a secondary diagnosis of an alcohol- or other drug-related disorder. For some physicians, the mean length of stay of their patients differed significantly from the length predicted by the regression model--generally, it was shorter. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that patient-related predictors of length of stay in a single psychiatric hospital can be identified using relatively simple statistical procedures and can be consistent across a large dataset and over time. 相似文献
35.
Recent studies show that the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is expressed at elevated levels in the CNS in several disease states and contributes to the neuropathological process. The mechanisms through which IL-6 exerts its CNS effects are primarily unknown. We have investigated the pathophysiological effects of IL-6 on developing CNS neurons using a culture model system and a chronic treatment paradigm. Here, we show, using current- and voltage-clamp recordings, that chronic IL-6 treatment of developing cerebellar granule neurons increases the membrane and current response to NMDA and that these effects are the primary mechanism through which IL-6 produces an enhanced calcium signal to NMDA. We also show that calcium influx through voltage-sensitive calcium channels contributes to the enhanced calcium signal to NMDA in the IL-6-treated neurons in a developmentally regulated manner and that the membrane depolarization to NMDA is more sensitive to the NMDA receptor antagonist ifenprodil in the IL-6-treated neurons compared with control neurons at a late developmental stage, consistent with a larger proportion of NMDA receptors containing the NMDAR2B subunit in the IL-6-treated neurons. Additional studies show that IL-6 treatment reduces the number of granule neurons in culture and enhances neurotoxicity involving NMDA receptors. These results support a pathological role for IL-6 in the CNS and indicate that NMDA receptor-mediated functions are likely to play a critical role in neuropathological changes observed in CNS diseases associated with elevated CNS levels of IL-6. 相似文献
36.
TS Bocanegra AL Weaver EA Tindall DH Sikes JA Ball CB Wallemark GS Geis JG Fort 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,25(8):1602-1611
37.
The anaerobic oxidation of hydrazine: a novel reaction in microbial nitrogen metabolism 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
PURPOSE: Pulmonary involvement (PI) is common in leptospiral infection, usually characterized by hemoptysis and diffuse bilateral infiltrates on chest radiographs. Alveolar haemorrhage (AH) has already been proved by autopsy and some case-reports with fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). The purpose of this study was 1/to evaluate the incidence of AH in leptospirosis 2/to define the impact of BAL on the early diagnosis of the infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: FB with BAL were performed in 23 consecutive patients with leptospirosis (13 patients with patent signs of PI: group 1, 10 patients without: group 2). AH was defined by a percentage of siderophages > or = 20% and/or a Golde score > 100 and/or an haemorrhagic aspect of BAL fluid. Culture tests were performed on specific medium. RESULTS: We diagnosed AH in all patients of group 1 and in 7 patients of group 2. Filaments were seen in 6 specimens of BAL fluid, initially thought to be leptospires, but culture tests were negative. CONCLUSION: AH is identified in all cases of leptospirosis with PI. Occult AH often occurs to patients without any respiratory symptom. Physicians should consider leptospiral infection in the differential diagnosis of AH. Culture-tests for leptospirosis in BAL do no help in diagnosing leptospirosis. 相似文献
38.
JG Gribben GJ Freeman VA Boussiotis P Rennert CL Jellis E Greenfield M Barber VA Restivo X Ke GS Gray 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,92(3):811-815
The regulation of T cell-mediated immune responses requires a balance between amplification and generation of effector function and subsequent selective termination by clonal deletion. Although apoptosis of previously activated T cells can be induced by signaling of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, these molecules do not appear to regulate T-cell clonal deletion in an antigen-specific fashion. We demonstrate that cross-linking of the inducible T-cell surface molecule CTLA4 can mediate apoptosis of previously activated human T lymphocytes. This function appears to be antigen-restricted, since a concomitant signal T-cell receptor signal is required. Regulation of this pathway may provide a novel therapeutic strategy to delete antigen-specific activated T cells. 相似文献
39.
JD Jiang Y Wang J Roboz J Strauchen JF Holland JG Bekesi 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,58(10):2126-2133
We have synthesized a new compound, 3-bromoacetylamino benzoylurea (3-BAABU), which showed strong cancericidal activity by inducing irreversible mitotic arrest and subsequently apoptosis in human T cell leukemic cells (CEM), human biphenotypic leukemic cells (SP), a human prostate cancer cell line (PC-3), murine melanoma cells (B-16), and murine lymphoma/leukemia cells (EL4) in vitro with an ID50 in the range of 0.013-0.07 microg/ml (0.04-0.22 microM). Treatment of tumor cells for 12-24 h with 3-BAABU resulted in mitotic arrest at prometaphase/metaphase/anaphase, with separation and dispersion of chromosomes and with the absence of mitotic spindle apparatus in cytoplasm. Treatment with 3-BAABU had no cytotoxic and mitotic blocking effect in normal human lymphocytes, proliferating fibroblast cells (3T3), or proliferating myocardial cells (MOT). Cell cycle analyses showed that most treated leukemic cells accumulated at M phase 12 h after treatment. By the end of 48 h of treatment, the cells underwent apoptosis with DNA fragmentation. 3-BAABU inhibited the assembly of microtubules from tubulin but did not interfere with the disassembly of microtubules. The presence and the position of bromine and urea groups on the benzoic ring are the determining factors for its inhibition of microtubule assembly. Replacing bromine with chlorine yielded much less mitotic blocking activity and increased the ID50 40-fold. Substitution of the urea group with ethyl ester abrogated the activity of blocking mitosis but induced apoptosis. Moving the bromoacetylamino group from the 3-position to the 4-position removed blocking activity for mitosis but induced necrosis. These results suggest that 3-BAABU possesses a unique and functional structure and is a potential agent for cancer chemotherapy. 相似文献
40.
Cholinephosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.2) catalyzes the formation of a phosphoester bond via the transfer of a phosphocholine moiety from CDP-choline to diacylglycerol forming phosphatidylcholine and releasing CMP. A motif, Asp113-Gly114-(X)2-Ala117-Arg118-(X)8-Gly127+ ++-(X)3-Asp131-(X)3-Asp135, located within the CDP-choline binding region of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cholinephosphotransferase (CPT1 ?/Author: Please confirm that a gene is meant here.) is also found in several other phospholipid synthesizing enzymes that catalyze the formation of a phosphoester bond utilizing a CDP-alcohol and a second alcohol as substrates. To determine if this motif is diagnostic of the above reaction type scanning alanine mutagenesis of the conserved residues within S. cerevisiae cholinephosphotransferase was performed. Enzyme activity was assessed in vitro using a mixed micelle enzyme assay and in vivo by determining the ability of the mutant enzymes to restore phosphatidylcholine synthesis from radiolabeled choline in an S. cerevisiae strain devoid of endogenous cholinephosphotransferase activity. Alanine mutants of Gly114, Gly127, Asp131, and Asp135 were inactive; mutants, Ala117 and Arg118 displayed reduced enzyme activity, and Asp113 displayed wild type activity. The analysis described is the first molecular characterization of a CDP-alcohol phosphotransferase motif and results predict a catalytic role utilizing a general base reaction proceeding through Asp131 or Asp135 via a direct nucleophilic attack of the hydroxyl of diacylglyerol on the phosphoester bond of CDP-choline that does not proceed via an enzyme bound intermediate. Residues Ala117 and Arg118 do not participate directly in catalysis but are likely involved in substrate binding or positioning with Arg118 predicted to associate with a phosphate moiety of CDP-choline. 相似文献